The Effect of Cohabitation on Marriage Essay -- Compare Contrast Essay

AbstractThe Effect of Cohabitation on sexual unionSeveral published studies looking at at the increase in pre matrimonial cohabitation and the effect of premarital cohabitation on the traditional marriage relationship from the 1960s to present. Issues considered are marital satisfaction, marital stability, marital communication, and incidents of breakment within each group. Contrary to common perceptions, studies on couples who cohabitated prior to marrying indicate marriages that are less satisfactory, less stable, report poorer communication and higher incidents of divorce when compared to couples who did not cohabitate prior to marriage. Factors that attempt to explain these results are explored. The Effect of Cohabitation on MarriageFinding a compatible partner and getting married is the ambition for the majority of people in America. Statistics show that approximately 95% of all people will be married at some point in their lives (Cherlin, 2002). However, marriage is coming to be considered more of a short-term and an economic arrangement by many and less of a life-time commitment (Risch, Riley & Lawler, 2003 Seltzer, 2000). It is truthful that divorce is becoming less stigmatized and is a more frequent event with a current divorce rate of approximately 40% for first marriages (Risch, Riley & Lawler, 2003). It is also true that cohabitation is becoming a more common and accepted way to live. It is estimated that between 50% and 60% of all people will live together sooner marrying (Cherlin, 2002, Seltzer, 2000 Teachman, 2003). Cohabitation is defined as the sharing of a household by unmarried persons who have a sexual relationship (Cherlin, 2002). Many couples make the decision to cohabitate in order to see if they are compatible and ... ... Quality or commitment? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54 159-267.Treas, J. & Giesen, D. (2000). Sexual infidelity among married and cohabiting Americans. Journal of Marriage & the Family, Vol. 62, 48-60.U.S . Bureau of the Census. (2000). Statistical abstract of the United States 2000. Washington, CD U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved on March 14, 2004, from http//www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/p20-537.pdfWatson, R. E. L. (1983). Premarital cohabitation vs. traditional courtship Their effects on subsequent marital adjustment. Family Relations. 32, 139-147.Wineberg, H. (1994). Marital reconciliation in the United States Which couples are successful? Journal of Marriage & the Family, Vol. 56, 80-88.Wu, Z. (1999). Premarital cohabitation and the timing of first marriage. Canadian freshen up of Sociology and Anthropology, 36, 109-127.

Free College Essays - The Sun Motif in The Stranger by Albert Camus :: The Stranger The Outsider

The Sun Motif in The Stranger Many artists, authors, and composers have put the beauty and warmth of the sun in their work. The Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh created landscapes that expressed his joy with bright sunshine. The American poet Emily Dickinson wrote a poem called The Sun, in which she described the rising and setting of the sun. The Russian composer Nicholas Rimsky-Korsakov include a beautiful song, Hymn to the Sun, in his opera The Golden Cockerel.Uniquely, Camus usage of the sun opposes its warmth and beauty in The Stranger. The sun is a symbol for regainings and emotions, which Monsieur Meursault cannot passel with. There is a sun motif present throughout the novel, which perniciously characterizes the usual fondness towards the sun. The sun is a distraction from Meursaults everyday life and he cannot handle it.The sun first presents a problem to Meursault at his mothers funeral procession. Even before the procession embarks, Meursault remarks of the sun, calling it inhuman and oppressive. Meursault has shown no emotion towards his mothers death and he directs his bottled-up anxiety at the sun. To Meursault, the sun is an influence on all his senses, as he cannot hear what someone else says to him. He pours with sweat, symbolizing the flow of emotions. Meursault constantly thinks approximately the sun when one would expect him to be mourning his dead mother. He says, I could feel the blood pounding in my temples, which is strong imagery.At the brim with Raymond, the sun provokes Meursault to commit a crime. He says, (the sun) shattered into little pieces on the sand and water. While going to get a drink of water, the foreign Arab uses a knife to shine the sunlight in Meursaults face. Meursault knew that all he had to do was turn around and walk away. His emotions (again not shown externally and reserved) took over. Camus states, All I could feel were the cymbals of sunlight crashing on my forehead and, instinctively, the dazzling spear fly ing up from the knife in front of me. The scorching blade slashed at my eyelashes and stabbed at my stinging eyes. This strong imagery forces Meursault to fire and kill the Arab with a revolver. What makes it worse, he fires four more times to make sure the sun is dissipated for good.In prison, Meursault changes his views on both the sun, and on his view of life, which are similar.

The Cause Of Crime Today Essay -- essays research papers

The world is not the way it was. At one time people could sleep with their windows up and doors un maneuvered. In todays society people have to lock their doors and close their windows. Crime is at an ultimate high, and the world is slowly falling apart. This is not the work of the older generations, it is strictly the work of generation X. Teenagers are not what they use to be. A long time ago teenagers were loyal, respectful, and helpful to their parents, but not anymore. Todays teens live their own lives. They do what they want when they want, and they dont listen to anyone much less(prenominal) their parents. These teens drink, do drugs, steal, and murder. They also feel the need to be accepted by their own kinds. This is how gangs are formed.&nb...

The Fires of Jubilee : Nat Turners Fierce Rebellion Essay -- Nathanie

The Fires of Jubilee Nat Turners Fierce RebellionThe Fires of Jubilee, is a well written recollection of the slave insurrection led by Nathaniel Turner. It portrays the events preeminent towards the civil war and the shattered myth of contented slaves in the South. The book is divided into four parts This Infernal Spirit of Slavery, Go Sound the Jubilee, notion Day, and Legacy.The story takes place in Southampton County, Virginia where little Nat Turner is introduced. Nat led a normal childhood for the most part, supervised by his beloved grandmother. They were working as slaves on a plantation owned by Benjamin and Elizabeth Turner. The Turners became Methodists due to the emphasis on free will and salvation. The impact of religious institutions on bondage gave whites second opinions on slavery. Methodists, Quakers and anti-slavery Baptist made it their duty to see that their voices were heard. Stephen B. Oats, the author, recalls the unlawful accounts of Nats mother, Nancy, whi le being forced into slavery. Being just a teenage girl, she was abducted in Norths Nile River awkward by slave raiders. She was then marched hundreds of miles to the coast and sold to the Europeans. She endured the middle passage which was the dreaded voyage of being in a crammed small area with many other chained Africans. The results of this torment included suicide, starvation, and death from white mans disease. It was also noted that Nancy tried to kill her ba...

The Problem of Social Unawareness :: A Dolls House Walsh Plays Essays

The Problem of Social Unawareness While the plays Walsh by Sharon Pollock and A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen fool place in apparently opposite accessible settings the former in the sometimes wild and savage environs of a frontier trading commit of early Canada, and the latter in the refined orbit of European bourgeois respectability of the late 1800s they both act as problem plays when they ornament aspects of the problem of acquiring individual human cause. Although both plays shape this theme through many examples of characters who have obvious flaws in their human understanding, the plays also conjure examples of characters who have generally successful social awarenesses. It is these successful characters that attempt to build a solution to the problem of acquiring human understanding. Much might be gained from examining the traits of the major characters, but in this discussion it is the supporting characters of both plays that lead to greater insights in to the theme of acquiring individual human understanding. It is beneficial to observe the social awareness displayed by the characters Christine in A Dolls House and Louis in Walsh, and the manner in which these characters show their knowledge of the world. In Walsh, Louis understanding of the world is effectively a bridge between two cultures which gives him a fuller-encompassing world view. But his cross-cultural background is not what gives him his entire worldly perspective he is imbued with an intense practical and spiritual knowledge of the worlds local social concerns, and this is evident in the way he attempts to teach Clarence about the wile of knowing somethingYou wanna learn, you study inside here. . . He taps his head. . . .and here. . . He taps his chest. . . .and how it is wit you and me. . . He indicates the two of them. . . .and how it is wit you and all. . . . He indicates the surroundings. Travel round da Medicine Wheel. Den you know somethin. (30)While Pollock may be saying through Louis that world knowledge should come from a profound understanding of the self, of others, and of nature, through Christines practical character Ibsen also gives evidence to suggest that deeper understandings of the world are possible, and that essentially, the world is composed of trials and tribulations that must be overcome for a person to become knowledgeable and practical.

The Problem of Social Unawareness :: A Dolls House Walsh Plays Essays

The Problem of Social Unawareness While the plays Walsh by Sharon Pollock and A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen take place in apparently opposite social settings the former in the sometimes wild and savage environs of a frontier duty post of early Canada, and the latter in the refined world of European bourgeois respectability of the late 1800s they both act as hassle plays when they illustrate aspects of the problem of acquiring individual human g attacks. Although both plays shape this theme through many examples of characters who have obvious flaws in their human understanding, the plays as well offer examples of characters who have generally successful social awarenesses. It is these successful characters that attempt to build a solution to the problem of acquiring human understanding. Much force be gained from examining the traits of the major characters, but in this discussion it is the supporting characters of both plays that lead to greater insights into th e theme of acquiring individual human understanding. It is beneficial to lionise the social awareness displayed by the characters Christine in A Dolls House and Louis in Walsh, and the manner in which these characters show their knowledge of the world. In Walsh, Louis understanding of the world is effectively a bridge between two cultures which gives him a fuller-encompassing world view. But his cross-cultural background is not what gives him his entire worldly survey he is imbued with an intense practical and spiritual knowledge of the worlds local social concerns, and this is evident in the way he attempts to teach Clarence rough the art of knowing somethingYou wanna learn, you study inside here. . . He taps his head. . . .and here. . . He taps his chest. . . .and how it is wit you and me. . . He indicates the two of them. . . .and how it is wit you and all. . . . He indicates the surroundings. Travel round da Medicine Wheel. Den you know somethin. (30)While Pollock may be sa ying through Louis that world knowledge should come from a deep understanding of the self, of others, and of nature, through Christines practical character Ibsen also gives evidence to suggest that deeper understandings of the world are possible, and that essentially, the world is composed of trials and tribulations that must be flog for a person to become knowledgeable and practical.

Battle of Waterloo

The Battle of Waterloo stands as a very important episode in the whole of forty winks Bona mappinges state of wartime adventures. It was the fierce fighting that occurred in the slipshod written report closed to Brussels in 1815 between the Duke of jackboot and nap that fin each(prenominal)y sealed catnaps fate in his bid to rule the world. The theatre of battle was in an area closed to the Belgian Capital Brussels. (Bourne 1915, 118) This battle has been considered by m every last(predicate) as iodin of the approximately crucial battle in history and the battle claims responsibility for reversing the trend of European history.As Brian Bond pointed out Waterloo was a decisive battle by almost any criterion. (1998, 3) Our research aims to define circumstanceors and conditions which caused catnap failure on the battlefield and mistakes he made that led to his demise. The battle of Waterloo is analyzed in detail, because it is the most typical standard of Napoleons strategy , otherwise military narrative limited to the essential minimum. A whole host of reasons are responsible for(p) for Napoleons misfortune on the mean solar day of Waterloo.We are going to begin with political reasons. The failure of Napoleon in the Battle of Waterloo could be linked to his failure to disunite the states of Europe that had stood against him. He had tested to negotiate separately with each of the tout ensembleied s everywhereeign but these negotiations proved futile. It is worth noting that there were signs of willingness to cooperate with Napoleon from the Russians and Austrians but this did not last long.These ahead of time signs of willingness to cooperate with napoleon came as a result of the item that during a substantial part of 1813 and 1814, the allied powers had been at loggerhead with one another all over the sharing of the territories they had acquired during the previous year. (Creasy 1908, 353) It was this locating that Napoleon tried to exploit. Th is plan was brilliantly understood by Talleyrand, the french representative at the Congress of Vienna, as a result he did everything possible to prevent this kind of manipulation.(Creasy 1908, 354) Talleyrand had realized how necessary and important it was to see that no member of newfoundly created European alliance compulsory one another to if they had to succeed to control the excesses of Napoleon whom they considered their old time enemy. This situation played a significant consumption in the defeat of Napoleon in the battle of Waterloo. Napoleon himself understood that if he could create a situation that could make him progress to involved in separate battles with the British and the Russians that would maintain been synonymous to success.(Creasy 1908, 357) Success here would not live been further among his strongest opponents but it would have also been against the other masses who were already gathering mo custodytum against his eastern dominions. The point here is t hat the failure of Napoleon to disunite his opponents before the battle of Waterloo meant he was going to have a difficult battle against a unify opponent. In this regards, Napoleon lost at Waterloo partly because he had failed to hold to his war time perpetration of bear oning the forces of his opponents separated.Also the main loop hole in Napoleons expedition in the battle of Waterloo lay in France itself. Returning from exile in Elba the emperor easily gathered his phalanx, as the political science in 1814 was faced with a difficult problem in demobilizing the array, sboulder clay more loyal than the Marshals to Napoleon. (Rosebery 1900, 98) The troops were restive at the news of Napoleons approach. When his depleted force found an infantry regiment barring the road, Bonaparte advanced alone in his familiar grey overcoat, he shouted Kill your Emperor, if you wish. A single shot would have finished the adventure but the regiment, ignoring all commands to fire, broke ranks and surrounded Napoleon with acclamations of Vive lEmpereur. (Rosebery 1900, 99) He was greeted enthusiastically by the peasants and soldiers, but the pep pill classes were hostile to Napoleon. cut citizens were opposed to war and this situation had a serious impact on Bonapartes adventure. (Veve 1992, 214) He remarked to Mole, one of his former Councillors cypher astonished me more, in returning to France, than this hatred of priests and nobles, which I found to be as widespread and violent as at the beginning of the Revolution. They have reopened everything which had been settled. (Rosebery 1900, 123) semipolitical situation in France was not favorable too. Napoleon could not make up his mind to give the responsibility of coming up with a new constitution to a representative assembly. Such an assembly would have provided for a constitution that would guarantee a free government.Such an assembly also would not have given him the opportunity to carry out the expedition which acco rding to him will guarantee safety and victory over his fo overlook opponents. In this circumstance he fell in love with dictatorship and normally a dictatorship would not have had the support of cut citizens. This had an impact on the morale of French soldiers. Moreover, Napoleon bids for discipline in French soldier came with came with little results and his attempt to keep these secrets unk at one timen to foreign missions was never achieved.All this had a role to play in the battle of Waterloo. French soldiers were less prepared for war. Most French soldiers were longing for rest. Even the most hardened warriors wanted rest. They had been very busy under the reign of Louis xviii. Most of them had just begun enjoying the pleasures of resting when napoleon called them to return to their barracks. With this situation a good come up of the French legions pointed out that they love napoleon disclose than Louis XVIII but if they most go to fight all Europe again then(prenominal) it will be better to take pricker Louis XVIII.(Cowin 1903, 608) This situation sit the French army in a delegate and difficult situation and the battle of Waterloo just came as a confirmation. Napoleon didnt have becoming officers to complete skeleton of army as the choice of available Generals was risk of exposureously limited. Napoleons only ally was the unreliable Murat, to whom Napoleon wrote at the end of March I will support you with all my forces. I count on you. (Andrews 1939, 251) Apart from Murat, four of the Marshals, including Berthier, were struck off the list for leaving Paris with Louis XVIII.In his choice of leaders, Napoleons nous was poor. Grouchy was said to be a great General but he was out of his depth as a Marshal. He showed little go-ahead and was tardy in his pursuit of the Prussians, giving them time to regroup. He failed to keep the Prussians separate from the other Allies and, although engaged in battle with the Prussians at Wavre, he failed to pre vent a corps being deployed at St. Lambert. His battle at Wavre continued until he had defeated the Prussians but, by that time, Napoleon was on his way back to Paris.Ney also proved unreliable as a leader failing to take advantage of his situation in the precursory battle at Quatre-Bras. Napoleon made a mistake that left the tactical handling of the battle to Ney. It was also a serious misfortune for Napoleon that Drouot, the great artillery expert, had to alternate Marshal Mortier, commander of the Guard, who was ill. (Knoph 1979, 224) In embarking on the Continental System Napoleon underestimated the debatableness and resilience of the side of meat economy and society. Napoleon had not grasped the speed or the scope of the industrial revolution in England.By 1800 Boulton and Watt had built and installed ampere-seconds of their steam-engines, particularly in the all-important textile industry. When Watt died in 1819, Lord Liverpool rightly acknowledge that England could not have survived the Napoleonic Wars without the steam-engine. (Veve 1992, 168) Wellingtons somewhat cryptic judgment that the battle of Waterloo was won on the playing-fields of Eton (Veve 1992, 14) presumably refers to one side of the picture the toughness of the English leadership. It would be equally true to say that the battle was won in Boultons engine-making works at Birmingham.With these set backs, Napoleon was covered with gloom as one of his councilors noted He was full of anxiety, the self confidence that use to be heard in his utterances, the tone of authority, the lofty flight of thought all had disappeared. He seemed already to fill the weight of the hand of misfortune which was soon to be laid on him so heavily and no longer counted on his star. (Cowin 1903, 699) well-nigh citizens even described Bonaparte as exhausted and ache, due to the frequent hot bath he took while other described him as suffering from a secret disease, therefore should go to sleep.Overview of mi litary strategy should be given at the beginning speaking of military factors determined Napoleons failure at Waterloo. By the outbreak of the Revolution, the staff of the French Army already possessed a coherent doctrine of offensive strategy and tactics. How some(prenominal) did Napoleons strategy and tactics owe to his predecessors? To explain the origins of Napoleonic strategy is not, of course, to belittle his genius. As he said at St Helena Everything is in the execution. The planning which preceded a battle was an intense and painful process.I am like a woman in labour. (Abbott 1855, 408) Also Bonaparte pointed out Few people realize the say-so of mind required to conduct, with a full realization of its consequences, one of these great battles on which depends the fate of an army, a nation, the possession of a throne. Consequently one rarely finds Generals who are keen to give battle. I consider myself the boldest of Generals. (Abbott 1855, 421) It is known that he took Guiberts and Bourcets writings with him to Italy he also sent to Paris for the account of Maillebois iron in Piedmont in 1748.It would not be far wrong to say that Napoleons Italian campaigns were Guibert and Bourcet in action. Their influence was a great deal more important than Napoleons superior general reading of Plutarch, Caesar, and Frederick the Great. (Esdaile 2001, 42) In discussing the principles of strategy at St Helena, Napoleon asserted, I have fought sixty battles, and I have learnt nothing which I did not know in the beginning. (Abbott 1855, 581) The essence of Napoleon style of fighting is mobility.Marechal de Saxe in his Reveries, written in 1732, gave some valuable lessons about mobility he anticipated Napoleon when he said the whole secret of manoeuvres and of combats lies in the legs. (Markham 1954, 21) The scholars define flexible nature of this new war Greater mobility allowed Napoleons armies to concentrate their superior forces at specific points in space and time over a wide area. This gave Napoleon the capacity to keep reconfiguring the deployment of his troops in battle, take less ready and more predictable opponents by surprise, outmanoeuvre them, and prevent them from even locating his own troops.(Doz and Konosen 2007, 102) This is the strategy of his first campaign in Piedmont, and also of his last campaign of Waterloo. The tactics of the Waterloo has tended to produce an exaggerated antithesis between the thin red line of the English infantry and the massed column glide path of the French. Neys massed columns at Waterloo were exceptional, and a poor example of French tactics. In 1772 Guibert, wrote his Essai General de Tactique, which was widely read and discussed. Guibert strongly advocated an ordre mixte, in a flexible combination of line or column according to circumstances.(Black 1994, 171) Normally the French in the revolutionary and Napoleonic period used column formation for approach and changed to line for the actu al attack but it appears that at the battle of Maida in 1806 and frequently in the Peninsular War battles, they were taken unawares by the English method of concealing their infantry basis a rising round top of ground, and were caught by the English volleys before they could open out their columns. (Black 1994, 186) Napoleon explained at St Helena that this again happened at Waterloo.Napoleon himself seldom interfered in the tactical handling of infantry, which wide-ranging according to the skill of his Marshals and Generals, because he had to keep his attention for the general handling of the battle. But one of his first orders to the Army of Italy was to confirm the use of the ordre mixte. He, of all people, was aware of the importance of fire-power. At St Helena he said It is with artillery that war is made. The invention of powder has changed the nature of war missile weapons are now become the principal ones it is by fire and not by shock that battles are decided today. (Abb ott 1855, 523) With a divided and apprehensive nation Napoleon defy not risk a defensive campaign. So, one of the reasons wherefore Napoleon Bonaparte failed in battle of Waterloo was the fact that he himself failed to maintain his own tactics. His only chance was a quick and resounding victory which cogency rally France behind him and shatter the allied unity. In contrast with 1814 Napoleon in 1815 had visual modality of veterans, including the returned prisoners of war. The National Guard battalions could be used for fortress duty, to release every available man for the fieldarmy.In March the army had barely two coulomb gramme men in service in June its strength still did not reach three hundred gm. Of these Napoleon had to leave nearly a hundred thousand, supported by National Guards, to hold the Alps, Pyrenees, Alsace, and even La Vendee, where a royalist resistance movement broke out in May. His available tangency force at the beginning of June was no more than 130,000 men. (Esdaile 2001, 80) The allied forces deep down reach were strung along the Belgian frontier30,000 English and 70,000 Belgian, Dutch and Hanoverian under Wellington, and 120,000 Prussians under Blucher.So the British forces also had numerical advantage over Napoleons troops. Marshall Blucher the Prussian war commander was in Belgium with one hundred and sixty Prussians. Also, in the middle of 1815, the Duke of Wellington had also brought in some one hundred and six thousand troops. Some of the troops brought in by Wellington were British Nationals while the others were paid by the British government. On the other hand Napoleon had stationed close to a hundred and thirty thousand men with well prepared artillery, with state equipments of commendable standards discipline and efficiency.These men were under the command of Napoleon himself. The disparity in the number of troops stationed by Napoleons opponent and those of Napoleon was great and favored the allied forces. In this c ircumstance Emperor was bound to have to tough battle, but the Russian and Austrian armies could not reach the eastern frontiers before July. Napoleons problem, with markedly inferior numbers, was to prevent a junction of the two allied armies in the north, and to beat them separately. He hoped to surprise them while they were still dispersed and the concentration of his Army was as brilliantly conceived as ever.(Esdale 2001, 86) At June 16th it became clear to Napoleon that Blucher was concentrating in force round Ligny. Napoleon intended to tie down the Prussians by a frontal scandalise, and then smash their right wing, forcing them on a line of retreat eastwards away from Wellington. By 8 pm Napoleon had put in the Guard at Ligny, and had broken and partly routed the Prussians. Napoleon could either complete the rout of the Prussians, or move to the left wing and smash Wellington while the Prussians were still out of action. Yet within a few hours Napoleon had lost the initiati ve.(Rothenberg 1977, 95) On the morning of June 18 Napoleon with seventy-four thousand men faced Wellington with sixty-seven thousand men. Wellington had chosen his favorite defensive position on a rise, where the reverse slopes would shelter his infantry from plunging artillery fire, and he carefully distributed his English divisions to cumber the Belgian-Dutch. Napoleon ignored the warnings of his Peninsular War Generals about the fire-power of the English infantry, and decided on a frontal attack on the centre. I tell you that Wellington is a bad General, that the English are bad troops, and it will be a picnic. He was in no hurry to start the battle, and Drouot advised him to let the ground dry out till midday, so that the twelve-pounder batteries could get into position. (Black 1994, 211) Napoleon intended to smash Wellington before the Prussians could intervene. Britain found it difficult to unite her might with Prussian war effort. The situation at Waterloo was a completely different scenario. At Waterloo, Wellington succeeded to pin down Napoleon leading a situation Napoleon regarded as one of his nightmares in his bid to conquer the world.At this stage of the war, the joint forces of Britain, Holland, Belgium and later on Russia pulled their might together to crush the French forces at Waterloo. Moreover, his efforts to keep Russia away from the battle failed. He had sent one of his commanders with 3000 men to keep the Russians busy thereby keeping them away from the forces of Britain, Holland and Belgium, but this mission never succeeded as the Russians ended up re-enforcing the allied forces at Waterloo. In this regards, Napoleon lost at Waterloo partly because he had failed to hold to his war time commitment of keeping the forces of his opponents separated.Napoleon did not take seriously the possibility that Blucher would recover from Ligny in time to join Wellington. By his underestimate of Blucher, the more surprising because be had experienced his pertinacity in 1813 and 1814, Napoleon had allowed himself to be strategically outmanoeuvred. The British forces had some tactical advantages over those of the French. To begin with, the British forces were well apt to apply horse cavalry which was a significant part of Napoleons war efforts. The British mounted three line deep square with soldiers at the drumhead kneeling and those behind firing.Moreover the British army had what it took for this governing body to succeed and that was discipline. This discipline put the British soldiers in a superior position when compared to the French. In fact, the British always struggled to keep their lines in tact even when they faced threats from advancing French troops. Moreover, while the British fought in line formation, the French held to their column system and this had a toilsome weakness as the French forces could only attack the British from the sides and in front.(Webster 1931, 74) In addition, the British took a superior p osition over the French by-line their rapid musket fire, a rolling fire across the line that went on in a constant manner and the Britain army had been trained to be steady and fire as soon as the command was made. Everything could still be retrieved by a tactical triumph on the field of Waterloo, but Napoleon made a mistake that left the tactical handling of the battle to Ney as he was too imprudent. When Ney launched the first main attack four densely massed infantry columns were repulsed with heavy loss by the English volleys.After that Ney sent in the cavalry alone. For two hours the superb French heavy cavalry were worn down against the unbroken English squares, and were unable even to spike the guns which the enemy had temporarily to abandon. (Rothenberg 1977, 110-112) In the evening Napoleon had been forced to use xiv thousand men of his general reserve to bold up Bulows Prussians. Thats why there were no troops for a final decisive assault on the English centre. As Wellin gton put in his cavalry, the French Army broke in panic and rout. Barely eight thousand men escaped in fighting formation.(Knoph 1979, 187) Neys fundamental error was in first sending in the infantry column unsupported by cavalry, and then the cavalry unsupported by infantry. After the tremendous artillery preparation, a combined assault of all arms would have forced the enemy to form into squares, which could then have been ripped to pieces with caseshot from the horse and divisional artillery. Wellington wrote on the day after the battle It was the most desperate business I ever was in I never took so more trouble about any battle, and never was so near being beat.Our loss is immense, particularly in the best of all instruments, the British infantry. I never saw the infantry behave so well. (Markham 1974, 261) Wellington fought his last battle at Waterloo and became a hero as his popularity all over Europe became great and in the process crating a legacy for himself and the worl d. He was Commander-in-Chief during the occupation of France and advocated a non-punitive peace deal. He organized loans to restore French finances and advised the withdrawal of troops after three years. He returned home in 1818 and became Prime Minister in 1828.Main military reason why Napoleon failed in the battle of Waterloo was the fact that the British forces had some tactical advantages over those of the French. To begin with, the British forces were well trained to withstand cavalry which was a significant part of Napoleons war efforts. The British mounted three line deep square with soldiers at the forefront kneeling and those behind firing. Moreover the British army had what it took for this system to succeed and that was discipline. This discipline put the British soldiers in a superior position when compared to the French.In fact, the British always struggled to keep their lines in tact even when they faced threats from advancing French troops. Moreover, while the British fought in line formation, the French held to their column system and this had a severe weakness as the French forces could only attack the British from the sides and in front. In addition, the British took a superior position over the French following their rapid musket fire, a rolling fire across the line that went on in a constant manner and the Britain army had been trained to be fast and fire as soon as the command was made.(Webster 1931, 74-78) Delay in the deployment of Napoleons troops also played a dominant role in the defeat of France at the battle of Waterloo. To begin with, outride in the deployment of troops meant Napoleon gave his opponents the opportunity to further increase the already existing numerical superiority to the detriment of his own forces. Secondly delay in the deployment of troops meant the aspect of surprise attack was no longer a dominant part of the game. This is because the allied forces had the time to prepare for an impending attack from which eve r angle Napoleon chose to attack from.The failure of Napoleon at the battle of Waterloo could also be blamed on the organization of his opponents. For instance, the forces mounted by the Duke of Wellington were well organized and disciplined, a situation that gave him the opportunity to be able to station his forces at any one moment on any of the many roads that lead to Brussels so as to check any impending danger or advancement of napoleons forces. (Veve 1992, 214) That means the allied army was made present for movement to any direction necessary. An important factor that led to the defeat of the French was weather.This was during the wet season because the ground was wet and muddy thereby making it difficult for soldiers to move freely, Napoleon was pushed to postpone some major attack till one p. m. on the grounds that he was waiting for the field to get dry. In fact the muddier the ground remained meant the more difficult it became for napoleons army to move as their and wheel s of their war vehicles kept sinking in to the mud and in the process Napoleons men and army were bound to get tired faster than would have been the case if the ground was dry. Postponement and delays in launching major was not a good thing for napoleon to do.For instance, delay meant the advancing Prussian army was left unchecked likewise attacking earlier would have meant the advancing Prussian army who had been delayed due to the muddy nature of the terrain would have been delayed further and thereby keeping them far from the battle ground. To conclude we should say that a whole host of reasons are responsible for Napoleons misfortune on the day of Waterloo. In the final analysis, Napoleon was bound to crumble in that battle. Main political reason is Emperors failure to hold to his war time commitment of keeping the forces of his opponents separated.Situation in France was not favorable too as upper classes were opposed to war and this situation had a serious impact on Bonapartes adventure. Main military reason why Napoleon failed in the battle of Waterloo was the fact that the British forces had some tactical advantages over those of the French. Also Napoleon made a mistake that left the tactical handling of the battle to Ney. Ultimately, Emperor shoulders much of the responsibility for the failure or defeat of France in the battle of Waterloo. Napoleon had not grasped the speed or the scope of the industrial revolution in England.The fact that he was the overall leader and his inability to make correct judgments meant France was doomed to fail in the battle of Waterloo. He remained very confident or better still arrogant, believing he could win back the support of France and overcome the Allies. thwarting at The Battle of Waterloo ended Napoleons hundred days reign. He was left with no choice than to move to the island of St Helena where he died in 1821. BIBLIOGRAPHY Andrews, Gordon. Napoleon in Review. New York Alfred A. Knopf, 1939. Abbott, John S. C. Napoleon at St.Helena Or, raise Anecdotes and Remarkable Conversations of the Emperor during the Five and a Half Years of His Captivity. New York Harper & Brothers, 1855. Bourne, enthalpy Eldridge. The Revolutionary Period in Europe 1763-1815. New York The ascorbic acid Co.. , 1915. Black, Jeremy. European Warfare, 1660-1815. London UCL Press, 1994. Bond, Brian. The Pursuit of Victory From Napoleon to Saddam Hussein. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1998. Brett-James, A. The Hundred Days Napoleons Last Campaign from Eye-Witness Accounts. New York St. Martins Press, 1964. Cowin, Margarete Bacon.Napoleon the First A Biograph. New York Henry Holt, 1903. Creasy, Edwards. The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World. New York E. P. Dutton, 1908. Doz, Yvez and Kosonen, Mikko. Fast Strategy How Strategic Agility will help you stay ahead of the game. New York Wharton Pearson, 2007. Esdaile, Charles J. The French Wars 1792-1815. London Routledge, 2001. Forrest, A. Napoleons Men. New York Lond on Hambledon, 2002. Howarth, D. Waterloo Day of Battle. New York Atheneum, 1968. Knoph, A. A. (L. Chalfont, Ed. ) Waterloo Battle of the Three Armies. New York Book Club Edition, 1979. Markham, F. M.H. Napoleon and the Awakening of Europe. London English Universities Press, 1954. Muir, R. Britain and the Defeat of Napoleon 1807-1815. New Haven and London Yale University Press, 1996. Rosebery. Napoleon, the Last Phase. London Arthur L. Humphreys, 1900. Rothenberg, Gunther E. The Art of Warfare in the Age of Napoleon. London Batsford, 1977. Veve, Thomas Dwight. The Duke of Wellington and the British Army of Occupation in France, 1815-1818. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1992. Webster, C. K. The Foreign Policy of Castlereagh, 1812-1815 Britain and the Reconstruction of Europe. London 1931.

The Place of Nonhumans in Environmental Issues Essay

1) Do you agree with singer that, morally, animals have an mates context of interests with humans? Explain the reason for your answer.The suffering and happiness is the main moral principles of equal consideration of interests. Humans and non-humans both have the ability to feel fuss and pleasure, so they should be considered equal in regards to these two aspects. However, due to Speciesism which is our societys way of thinking that non humans are inferior and that we should favor the human species over them, is how we morally disengage acts like, for example, experimenting of animals rather than on humans (Parenethical.com, 2014). Singer says that no matter if youre human or non-human, if someone suffers or will suffer, it is important to consider this suffering and non find ways to morally preciselyify them (Parenethical.com, 2014).Equal consideration does not mean treating everyone the same and place equal value on both humans and non-humans lives. It only means considering the interests of both sides and not just giving preference to humans. As mentioned above, if animals interests are considered, and their pain and pleasure are measured against the pain and pleasure of humans, things like particularory farming dirty dog be considered immoral (Parenethical.com, 2014).Some people to a fault morally justify speciesism because they misinterpret and think that animals feel less pain than humans do. For example, slapping a long ply across its back and slapping a baby in the same way. Due to the horses thick skin, the horse wouldnt feel as much(prenominal) pain as the baby would because babies have sensitive skin. However, this is not the same amount of pain between the two, the horse being hit with something harder, for example a stick, might then feel the equal amount of pain as the baby being slapped. So if we claim that it is wrong to inflict that much pain on a baby, we must then agree that it is wrong or immoral to inflict the same amount of pain on a horse (Stafforini, 2014).To conclude, it is important for animals to have equal consideration because of the fact that animals do suffer, so humans and non-humans do have thesame interest in avoiding pain and that thither is no non-speciesist way to draw the line between animal interests and human interest (MacKinnon, 1995).2) Do the scotch interests of humans come before the well-being of animals? flock see animals as sources of food and clothing. Experimenting on animals is also viewed beneficial to test the safety and effectiveness of drugs, detergents and cosmetics. In other words, animals are known as economic commodities (MacKinnon, 1995).In the case study, Singer talks about how people are willing to allow animals to live and endure in the bad, unsuitable conditions for the duration of their lives just so they can eat meat at low enough prices that they can afford. This is an example of how society would rather not pay extra coin on meat for their own economic interes t, over the interests of the animals. The other example in the case study is the timber industry, instead of obtaining timber from forests by gash only certain dead and matured trees, they use clear cutting, which means cutting down everything in a given area which destroys wild animals habitat. disdain the fact that cutting down dead and mature trees will cause little disturbance. Timber companies use clear cutting method due to the fact that it is a lot cheaper than if they gave equal consideration to animals and went with selecting to cut the mature and dead tress instead (Barry, 1979).Other environmental issues are water and air contaminant and other effect such as global warming. People and industries change the environment for their own economic interest. However, these changes not only affect the non-humans but also the humans. The case study gives an example of humans discharging cadmium into the bay and eating shellfish from the bay which can make people ill and can pote ntially be fatal (Barry, 1979).Due to speciesism and other factors, humans cause pollution and global warming which destroy habitats and tend to not give equal consideration of interests to animals because it results in an economic gain for them whether it is a short term gain or long term economic gain.ReferencesBarry, V. (1979). Moral issues in business. Belmont, Calif. Wadsworth Pub. Co., pp.361-365.MacKinnon, B. (1995). Ethics. Belmont, Calif. Wadsworth Pub. Co.Parenethical.com, (2014). Equal contemplation for Animals Introduction to Ethics. online Available at http//parenethical.com/phil140sp11/2011/05/08/equal-consideration-for-animals/ Accessed 25 Nov. 2014.Stafforini, P. (2014). Equality for Animals?, by Peter Singer. online Utilitarian.net. Available at http//www.utilitarian.net/singer/by/1979-.htm Accessed 25 Nov. 2014.

Factors That Led to the Growth of the Concept of New Public Management Essay

New Public prudence is an attempt to reorient and restructure prevalent bureaucracy in the era of globalisation, liberalisation. Following are the main factors which contributed to the step-up of New Public Management perspectives1. Reaction against Bureaucratic Administration and Elephantine growth of governmental expenditure The impact of globalisation has been significant on the public administration. The globalisation prompted such changes such as increased interdependence among states, reduction intrade barriers among nations, increment use of information and communication technology and close realignment of public and private sectors. The prevailing state bureaucracy was non able to face these challenges as it was overly unwieldy, unresponsive, inefficient, ineffective and not suitable to face emerging competition.In the decade of 1980, the bureaucracy came under severe criticism for the above deficiency. Also, in 1970s and 1980s, callable to public wel fartheste orienta tion, there was an excessive growth in government expenditure which was poorly managed by the large state bureaucracy. Under these circumstances twain the size and role of the state was questioned under the prevailing conditions.2. Impact of Neo-liberalism The political ideology of neo-liberalism has held a dominating presence during 1980s and 1990s as far as the nature and role of the state is concerned. Neo-liberalism advocated dominant presence of markets against state, rolling-back the state in welfare activities, maximizing individual liberty and freedoms. The tenets of neo-liberalism have close stroller on the rise of New Public Management.3. Hold of New Right Philosophy in U.K. and U.S.A. The New Right philosophy with more efficient parcelling of resources through market mechanism and less role of the state in social and economic sphere held its sway in 1970s in the U.K. and the U.S.A. Thus, it is not surprising that the new public management perspective was most popular i n these countries.4. Washington Consensus The Washington consensus is a set of economic reform measures evolved in 1989 by IMF, World Bank, U.s. Congress and scholars such as Williamson to restructure economies in view of financial crisis of 1980s in Latin American countries. It is a morphologic adjustment and economic stabilisation programme which advocated trade and financial liberalisation, privatisation and deregulation of domestic markets. The tenets of Washington consensus bear close affinity with the New Public Management perspective.5. Influence of Public Choice Approach The public choice approach pro-pounded byeconomists such as Fullock, Niskanen, Buchanen, argues that the dominant feature of human behaviour is self interest, which should be maximised through the arrangement of multiple public service of process agencies that would amplify the scope of peoples choice. It emphasises on the competition and efficiency among the multiple public service delivery mechanism. Thi s approach has influenced the fundamental principles of the New Public Management.Thus, the New Public Management perspective is the result of a number of pull factors such as inefficiency of the state and traditional bureaucracy and certain pull factors such as neo-liberalism, New Right Philosophy, public choice approach and Washington consensus which inter also known as supported roll-back of the state, dominance of Market mechanism and need of competition and efficiency

Leadership Essay Introduction Essay

Perhaps none of you are lucky enough to be a leader and fight for animal rights or other beliefs, but every year colleges and universities require students to write a leadership prove. Its goal is to identify and guess your potential leadership qualities. One of the best ways to cope with the task is to list the characteristics that successful politicians or opinion leaders have. And then demonstrate their battlefront in your case by an example of specific life situations. This is the main difference between the leadership essays and similar ones. Instead of analyzing literary works or their authors, you need to focus on your own personality.The leader is not always associated with the commander or the strong-willed warlord. An impelling guide could be strong and weak, apprehend and teach simultaneously. The leadership category offers a lot of qualities, the presence of which plays a great spot in the life of each person. We are talking close empathy, dedication, sincerity, co nsistency, altruism, responsibility, self- machinatement, influence, the ability to teach.The essential part of leadership paper outline consists of describing the bright moments of your life to substantiate the stated thesis. Examples should not be abstract and contain pathos reflections. It is better to resort to the specifics and show in which cases you showed courage, intelligence or organizational skills. It is the details that increase the confidence in the content of the text. The personal nature of the essay on leadership makes it realizable to use anecdotes as arguments. Each new quality must begin with a new paragraph while retentivity in touch with the previous text using transitional phrases. This will help make the essay easily readable to the audience. You also could use the info collected earlier from various sources.When writing a leadership essay, the following necessary components should be considered. First of all, to compose an idea of the phenomenon of leade rship, use online resources or biographical stories. They will not only clarify the concept but will also lead to good ideas. Do not confuse the leadership essays with the high-minded epic. You need attention to yourself, but not to other people. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid fantasies and blatant lies. Remain as honest as possible to make your work realistic, and look like a fairy tale. To achieve this, shun qualities that are not inherent in you.The use of the method of cerebrate will help determine the required skills. Remember the situation where you were given a great responsibility, for instance, a project, a sports team or the main role in the play. In general, any experience of cooperation can be presented in the context of leadership. Once you have decided on the field of research, it is significant to develop an essay scheme.Thus, a successful completing of a leadership essay depends on the depth of understanding of this concept, your honesty and life exper ience. Also, remember that real effective leaders have a unique vision of things. Use this quality to present yourself in a favorable light.

Chick-fil-a case study Essay

Looking at this case study, it really shows me how a smart set that has morals and beliefs can still entertain it in this competitive environment. I am a huge Chick-fil-A fan and am proud of them for standing by their beliefs. The types of market strategies used by Chick-fil-A are substantial and completely different from every other restaurant in the United States. Chick-fil-As unique incorporate culture derives from Cathys Christian background and his desire to inspire and influence people. The familys official statement of corporate purpose is to glorify immortal by being a faithful steward of all that is entrusted to us and to have a positive influence on all who come in contact with Chick-fil-A (Wilkinson, p.631).Another form of their marketing strategy that Chick-fil-A uses is their extensive corporate giving programs. The follow has answered thousands of restaurant employees, foster children, and other young people through and through the WinShape Foundation that Cathy established in 1984 to help shape winners (Wilkinson, p.631). Their advertising is also a key role in their marketing strategy, using the Eat Mor Chikin lean is one of the longest-running, and one of the most successful, advertising campaigns in the United States (Wilkinson, p.631).Chick-fil-As positioning strategy is a faith based and giving guild that demands to help the community through charity. Their position on being closed on Sundays is proven by their owners statement saying, if it took seven day to make a living with a restaurant, then we needed to be in some other line of work (Wilkinson, p. 631). Being a wholesome company that wants to make a living instead of making a fortune has been a great successful position strategy for Chick-fil-A and is proven by their annex of sales yearly.I do believe that being closed of Sunday is a competitive proceeds for Chick-fil-A. One of the reasons why it is a competitive advantage is because Chick-fil-A is the only restaurant that is known for being closed on Sunday and I believe that doing that shows how family, Christian based the restaurant is and makes them appeal to a bulky percentage of the United States. The survey in our class proved to me that them being closed on Sundays was a competitive advantage because the majority of my classmates said that it makes them want to eat Chick-fil-A on Mondays because they cant have it on Sundays. Obviously it isnt a disadvantage because of the amount of sales that they had in 2005 with $1.975 billion in sales with forecasted sales of $3 billion by 2010 (Wilkinson, p. 631).I personally dont believe that any other restaurant in the industriousness should consider closing on Sundays. One of the reasons I say that is because they are the first company to do it and if any company was to follow they would be called copycats of Chick-fil-A and I believe that it wouldnt be a benefit for the company. The only way that it might work for a company, it would have to be a new company to the market and couldnt sell chicken or look anything like Chick-fil-A. Probably in my opinion there isnt another retailer in any type of industry that could get away with being closed on Sunday without backlash. Since Chick-fil-A started this at the beginning of the company and have stuck to their guns on this and thats why they have had success with it, and honestly thats Chick-fil-As special thing for the industry and no one else could use it.Chick-fil-A is a great company and I hope that they continue being a community steward and helping employees better themselves.Work CitedDr. J.B. Wilkinson (2011). Chick-fil-A Eat Mor Chikin (Except on Sunday). Retrieved from Basic Marketing- A marketing strategy planning approach

Of losing families and conquering one’s fears Essay

Jamal Wallace made a very important point in the depiction just about before the movie terminate and whats the reason in having a file cabinet full of writing and keeping the shit locked so nobody can take away it? What is that man? Im done with this shit Wallace, finding Forrester The movie is about a young African-American student who is very smart moreover does not have any focus in his life, particularly, in his academic studies. He was noticed by an elite school, The Mailer-Callow School, when he scored very high in a standardized test across the state of New York.He was offered a scholarship by Mailer-Callow provided that he will play basketball in the schools basketball varsity team. It was also about this period when he accidentally met William Forrester (whose identity Wallace only found out later) and has since then became his writing mentor. Forrester has detached himself from the society after writing a Pulitzer-winning novel, The Avalon Landing. No one knew the re ason why Forrester has gone dark.The two characters became friends and have started to experience change that could not have been possible without each other. Wallace became a personality in the school because of his natural talent in basketball and more importantly, his unexplainable gift in writing. And because the gift cannot be explained, a certain professor, Crawford, somehow was challenged. Crawford and Wallace had a conflict when Wallace tried to stand up and protect his classmate from the intimidating Crawford. The argumentation ended up with Wallace being an enemy of Crawford.The conflict of the story was made more obvious at the end of the movie when Wallace and Forrester had an argument on whether Forrester should go to Jamals school for the latter not to be accused of academic fraud plagiarism. Wallace submitted an article with a sub-title similar to what Forrester has already published before. The only way for Wallace not to be implicated is for Forrester to drag out, present himself in the academic board in Wallaces school (or write a letter), and tell them, that he original Wallace to used his words.Wallace has secluded himself for years and he was not about to open up that easily to the society just because of a certain boy thickheaded enough to break his rule (the essay that Wallace has submitted is an essay Wallace wrote inside Forresters house Forrester and Wallace had an agreement that anything written inside that place will not get out of there). Clearly, the movies conflict is more than just Forresters power to save Wallace from academic doom.The movie is about the two characters overcoming their fears. In the shell of Wallace, he needs to get rid of his racial bias to get out of the mindset that everything is about the elite and the underdogs. Forrester, on the other hand, has to conquer his fears of ontogeny new friends, new companionships. Forrester is not angry at the society. He is, more than that, afraid that he might, again, lose people that are close to him, people that he has learned to love.The movie showed us how everyone, no matter how satisfied and happy they might seem, have their own fears and discontentment. It seems that more than just Wallace finding Forrester, as his mentor, as his friend, the movie has successfully showed how Forrester found Wallace a new friend that made him overcome everything that he has tried to avoid and to run away from. The movie Finding Forrester is not just about losing families and finding new ones. It is about fighting your own self, and in the process, finding the new you.

Knowledge and reality Essay

The quest for intimacy remains a perplexing problem in the field of philosophy. even so nowadays earthkind continue to c in all ink to understand himself and the world around him he is thirst to know were exactly our friendship comes from. The uncertainty of knowledge appears to be a battle between the empirisists who believed that knowledge is resound ford through sense take and the rationalists who believed that knowledge batch only be required through debate.Although there argon a lot of people who abides with these groups in my essay in my essay I will only deal with John locke who in this case lay outs that knowledge is acquired throughsense acknowledge thereby representing the empirisists group and Rene Descartes who argues that knowledge comes fronm reasoning thereby representing the rationalists. Diffrent scholars begin also shown their appreciation to the work which was done by the two groups. Rene Descartes who is the rationalist have claimed that the ultimate starting point for knowledge is is not the senses but reason.According to Cottingham,Descartes argues that knowledge of a particular subject matter is underwritten by intuition or rational insight and deductive reasoning rather than experience of that subject matter(1984). Descartes in this case is of the opinion that the only way one can acquire knowledge is through deductive reasoning ,reasoning that aims at exactitude. In one way or other that exactitude is the one which we can now call knowledge Descartes maintain that without prior categories and principles supplied by reason wen could not organise and interrupt ones sense experience in whatsoever way (Kenny1986).In this case one would be faced with just one huge ,undifferentiated,kaleidospic whirl of sensation ,signifying nothing(Kenny1986). Rationalism in its purest form goes so far as to hold that al our rational beliefs and the entirety of human knowledge consists in human principles and inborn concepts. According to R ussel Descartes believes that men be natural with innate ideas or ideas that we atomic number 18 born with (1946548). He argues that those innate ideas argon generated and certified by reason along with anything logically deducable these first principles.Furthermore on innate ideas ,a number of mankind still how can reason supply ay mental category or first principle at all? The question is a bit easy for such people like Descartes who claimed that we are born with several fundamental concepts or categories in our drumheads ready for use(Stitch1975). Descartes went own to argue that this gives us innate knowledge . This might be through certain categories of space ,time,cause and effect. In one way or otherwise Descartes argues that people thinks in terms of cause and effect and this helps ones experience of the world(Stitch1975).A ccording to Stitch Descartes argues that people think of themselves as seing some things causing other things to happen,but in terms of our raw sens e experience ,one sees certain things happen before other thing happen and remember having seen such before and after the sequences at earlier times (1975). One can come up with an example like ,a waver hits the window and then the window breaks. We dont see the third thing called causation but we believe it has happened. The rock hitting the window caused it to break but this is not experienced like the fight of the rock or the shattering of the glass.Descartes argues that experience does not seem to force the concept of causation on us. On this case Descartes bis denying the fact that knowledge comes fron sense experience but reasoning. Descartes also claimed that the foundations of our knowledge are propositions that are self-evidently true. A self-evident proposition has the strange property of being such that ,on merely understanding what it says and without any further checking or special evidence of any kind. One can just intellectually see that it is true(Caruthers1992).If A is greater than B the B is greater than C and therefore A is greater than C. In this example the claim is that once these statements are understood ,it takes no further sense experience whatsoever to see that they are true . Descartes was athinker who used sceptical doubt as a prelude to constructing a retionalist philosophy. He was convinced that all our beliefs that are founded on the experience of the external senses could be called into doubt ,but that with certain beliefs like I am thinking,there is n o room for creating and sustaining a well-founded doubt(Pojman199172).Descartes then tried to hazard enough other first principles with immune to rational doubt that he could provide an indubitable ,rational basis for all other legitimate beliefs. According to Pojman Descartes thought that mathematics gave a paradigm or model of certain knowledge or of attaining such knowledge (199173). He argued that numerical knowledge is based on self evident axioms ,or first principles. I n this case those principles are clear and distinctly persued as self-evident and in other words they are indubitable that is to say it is hard to doubt them.They are intrinsically valid on self-certifying . Dscartes argues that once we have such self-evident truths ,then with the rules of reasoning or logic ,theories can be validly deduced from them (Spinoza1905). Descartes wanted to apply the method of philosophy as he argued that in mathematics ther is no raise to sense experience . Human reasoning is the sole source of mathematical knowledge (Spinoza1905). In this case Descartes claimed that by poor reasoning one can achieve knowledge.It was this method of doubt that Descartes used to get at the indubitable starting point which will be unshakable foundation of the edifice of knowledge hence to doubt means to think and think means to be(Pojman1991). On the other hand we have the empirialists who in this case are being delineated by John Locke. Locke is of the view that knowledg e is acquired through sense experience. Locke was actually influenced by Descartes writings in which Descartes was arguing that knowledge comes from reasoning and the issue of innate ideas.According to Pojman Locke believes that the senses we maintain ,gives us all our raw data about the world and without this raw material their would be no knowledge at all(Pojman199183). To Locke perception starts a process and from this process come all our beliefs . In its purest form ,Locke and his collegues believes that sense experience alone gave birth to all our knowledge. Locke was influenced by Descartes writings because what Descartes believes was the opposite of what Locke and his collegues believed mostly on the issue of innate ideas hence he decided to put on his suggestion on were exactly our knowledge comes from.Locke argues that innate ideas are suppose to be inborn ideas and they are their in the human mind since birth (Locke1894). He argues that these ideas are neither created by us nor derived from our experiences. Locke argues that the human mind is a tabula rasa meaning to say it is blank and it looks like a white sheet of paper without any content or ideas. According to Pojman there are no inborn ideas in the human mind(Pojman1991). Ideas denote the content of human mind and consciousness.This then supports the idea that all ideas spring from experiences. According to Spinoza ,Locke argues that all knowledge is formed as and ultimately derived from sensational or inner reflection(1905) To add more the empirisists argue thatideas acquired through sensation and reflection are dim-witted ideas. According Russel Locke argues that the mind has the power to reject ,compare and combine them to then form complex ideas(1946551) . The simple ideas are the materials of the mind or consciousness.The mind elaborates them in defferent shipway and this knowledge is developed(Russel1946551)Simple ideaas in this case are thus produced in the mind by the outer things t hrough external experiences and simple ideas posseses valididty. The two theories presents different ideas on were exactly we get knowledge but I think I am convinced with the conjecture of Descartes which says knowledge is acquired through reason. Although the theory was mainly meant for the mathmaticians I think it is entire for me because a men ought to reason so as to dumbfound knowledge. To me reasoning shows that someone really is thinking deeper so as to find whatever he wants .The method of doubt which he uses convince me also because I think through doubting you will be able to find knowledge. The Christians might want to say Thomas was wrong but in one way or other Thomas made Christians to know that realy the man they saw was Jesus and Christians were made to believe that really there is resurrection and this was through doubting Thomas. I cant just believe what I have not see without doubting because nowadays people tend to lie so as to get whatever they want in their lives . Therefore the theory of Descartes to me is good one on how we aquire knowledge . ? BIBLIOGRAPHY Carruthers. P.(1992)Human knowledge and human nature,OxfordOxford University Press Cottingham. J. (1984)Rationalism,LondonPalada books. Fieser. P. (1991) Introduction to Philosophy. OxfordOxiford University Press Kenny. A. (ed). (1986)Rationalism,Empiricism and Idealism ,OxifordOxiford University Press Locke. J. (1690)An essay on human understanding. (ed)R. Woolhouse. (1997). LondonPanguin Books Louis. P. (2007)The theory of knowledge ,classical and temporary readings. Belment CAWadsworth Stitch. S. (ed)(1975)Innate ideas ,Berkely CACarlifonia University Press Russell. B. (1912)History of Western Philosophy . OxifordOxiford University Press.

End to End

The challenges of using broadcasts in passim converses links GEO satellite networks have the potential to provide the end user the ability to bump broadcast and multicast in greater amounts of information at higher rate of speed providing global connectivity anywhere within the footprint of the satellite. On the other hand there are some(prenominal) challenges that are presented when utilizing satellite networks. These challenges are seen by the end user in several different formats the most common superstar being in Internet applications.The latency experienced by the end user due to the communication between two earth stations nominate be signifi tidy sumt and often annoying. A painful amount of military and government organizations utilize and rely on satellite communications, when that path fails due to plugged areas, lack of available bandwidth or atmospheric interference then this becomes a serious situation and another(prenominal) reason why redundancy and a secondar y and tertiary plan is always needed.Point to point character optic connections can provide a solid backup plan if availability is an extract. The latency may not affect bulk data transfer and broadcast type applications, but those applications requiring extensive handshaking between two sites will be undoubtedly affected. TCP which is one of the Internets major protocols requires such interaction. Satellites that can provide the end user with global and broadband communications capacity are also an option but also come with challenges of its own.LEO(low earth orbit) and MEO (medium earth orbit) each are a viable inauguration that provide latency times comparable to that of a terrestrial fiber optics however because neither can remain in a constant fixed position relative of that of the earth, a constellation of several satellites is required to maintain comprehensive coverage. In this case network management becomes increasingly more confused due to handoff to another satelli te, tracking problems and proper routing plans. The advantage of a simple topology is no longer a factor and lost is single-source broadcast/multicast capability and brings you back to ground zero.

Letter to Editor-Conservative View-Sci/275

SCI/275 Environmental Science Letters to the Editor (Conservationist) Dear Editor As is evidenced in recent world news and events, taking steps to energy independence is paramount to the continued excerpt of the United States as a Nation. Growing increasingly dependent on the natural resources in new(prenominal) parts of the world further compounds the possibility for this independence. As a conservationist, it is my belief that we as a republic can begin to develop the means required to carefully and sensibly manage our natural resources in an effort to usher in this independence.For instance, the Bridger Teton National Forest ho parts 3. 4 million acres of land that has foregone untouched, and undisturbed by increases in population and industrialization. As such, the resources here have gone untapped. Consider world able to try incentives for the local industries such as forestry, and mining in the area, to use more environmentally friendly technologies to not only increase t he effectiveness of harvesting in these areas, but to also pick at the damaging effects of this harvesting to the surrounding landscape and ecosystems.The implantation of environmental taxes requiring those businesses that take advantage of this opportunity, to net an amount equal to the harm they cause on the environment will further increase the use of more eco-friendly technologies. A(n) tradable permits system is also a consideration, limiting the total amounts of pollutant that can be released, allowing both persons and businesses to bargain and sell rights to emit and reduce emissions at the least cost to them.These efforts will not only constitute useful in making us the independent, nation that has been the basis of our existence, but will also provide us the means to sustain the natural resources required for our continued existence, and ability to support the ever maturement human population. We MUST consider more effective means to tap into the natural resources that the earth has provided us as its inhabitants, without focusing on the monetary gain from the same which will lead to a harmonised balance of both conservation and economic independence as a nation. Sincerely, Concerned Citizen

Leadership of Martin Luther

Martin Luther (1483 1546) was a Catholic priest and a theology professor in the late 15th and early 16th century. He was also a central protagonist during the reformation movement In the 16 century, which fathered what Is now cognise as the protestant reformation. Martin Luther has subsequently become one of the most recognized and Influential leaders In the history of the Charlatans Church. Leadership Defined The ecclesial context of Lathers leadership Those who try to fine leadership will attain themselves at a disadvantage due to the limitations of language.To illustrate this disadvantage we scan that a ball is a spherical object that we play with. But depending on the context, a ball can be understand as many disparate things. In football, we play with a ball but it is not spherical. The cheerfulness however, is a spherical ball, but we cannot play with it. We can describe a fun time as having a ball, even though we argon not playing with a ball. We can also go to a ball, even though we may not be having a ball. We will rarely give difficulty in understanding the meaning that Is being expressed In all these situation.The same cannot be said for leadership because the word will Invoke different meanings for different people In different situations (Morehouse, 2010). Rewords Describe the definition of Leadership in Morehouse and Hickman, possibly touch on servant leadership in Hickman as the overall Nature of Lathers leadership. Try to give examples that would support servant leadership or whatsoever leadership he expressed. Rewords Traits and Skills Martin Luther exhibited many of the qualities of what Morehouse describes as trait dervish.The premise of trait leadership Is that certain traits are perceived as more crucial than others In order to lead legally (Morehouse, 2010). These traits are loosely endowed within the leader and cannot be learned. Some of these traits that are central to this this Include Intelligence, self-confidence, object, i ntegrity, and sociability (Morehouse, 2010, p. 19). When comparing Martin Luther with these traits, it is blowsy to see how he naturally exhibited many of them. For example outside his obvious professorship, Martin Luther was a very goodly man.His Ninety-Five Theses objected to several traditional catholic practices, but they were intended as a scholarly argufy with a tone of inquisition. Also, Martin Luther possessed tremendous amounts of self-confidence. He challenged the most powerful religious institution in the history of mankind because he was so confident that he alone was correct and that they were the ones in error. He was eventually excommunicated but he still remained determined to stand for his conviction about catholic dogma. Martin Luther was effective with this method of leadership. HISIntelligence appealed too many while his classically helped him begin his own church by 1526. HIS determination to hold biblical truths as higher then catholic traditions prompted hi m to translate the New Testament in the vernacular of the people by allowed people to have the same access to these biblical truths. Martin Luther also show many of the skills that Morehouse associates with successful leaders. Briefly define traits Rewords Martin Luther traits and how that contributed to his effectiveness (give examples) Rewords Briefly define skills Rewords

Night: Elie Wiesel, Literary Analsis Essay

The chronicle is a sad peerless one filled with despair around either corner and past every page. We begin to look on the calibres that religious serviceed to create and psycheify the horror of the Holocaust. From Elie, to his father, Shlomo, or to the woman on the bus, and Moishe the Beadle how does the character of Elie Wiesel, Change through with(predicate)out the story because he does. As we attempt to hustle the brain of our author we begin to see the mastermind behind the novel, and maybe even understand or so of the horror inked into the pages. First of all, lets note the differences in the midst of our main character and the author.Noting the change between these two is essential, it will help better understand the change of Elie in the story. They are the same person but as it is hard to write about and relive the events of the holocaust for our author, he changes a dance orchestra of the minor details to create a line between Elie and himself. Examples of this c an be found in the book while Wiesel writes that Elie injures his foot in the concent circumscribe camp, the reality is that Wiesel injures his knee. (Editoral) This book was not written to be a documentary, but an emotional journal, a purging of experience onto the pages of the book.To, in a way, offer any(prenominal) insight and knowledge, in an attempt to try and erase some of the ignorance surrounding the holocaust. Elies close to inherent beliefs are tested in these happenings, his faith most of all. His faith in God, the judicial system, and in gentlemans gentleman beings in general is tested like never before. We look at Elie Wiesel, our author and narrator who is a young boy that is forced through a lot of torment. As a boy he was fond of his father, would do anything to protect him, his whole family for that matter, they were closely knit.Moishe came to Shlomo and his family and tried to warn them of the imminent danger. To try and help them flee before it was too late, but it was all in vain. The Hungarian Police invade the dainty home town of Sighet and, by force, remove the Jews from their homes. The revulsions of the density camp named Auschwitzs Block 17 treat him into a battered man faster than he could capture imagined. Everybody out Leave everything inside. Hurry up they were forced to leave the place they called home with such speed and abrupt force he sincerely didnt have time to adjust.Block 17 did the adjusting for him. Elie grew up well off and didnt have enough experience to know that food was not something that one should take for granted. He refused his first ration of food in the concentration camp, still silently holding off hope that this would all be over soon. He was thinking that soon he would be able to go home, to be lynchpin to doing what he was used to. Little did he know, the same bowl of soup he passed up would one day get one of his Jewish colleagues shot and killed.Elie says I became A-7713. From then on, I had no separate name. Stripped of his name, age, hair, clothing, dignity, personality, and behavior, he continued to live as a number in the Nazi Concentration camp. Furthermore we consider the character of Elis father, Shlomo, and the role he played in the transformation of Elie. His character remains pretty more unchanged throughout the whole story. We dont hear much about how Shlomo feels about the Holocaust all that we hear is how his father being in the holocaust affects Elie.We a good deal hear Elie say that he wish he had done something about all the torture he had to endure. The reason Auschwitzs was so bad for Elie, was mostly because he knew his dad was there going through the same things that he was. This hurt Elie, and broke him almost to the bone. His dad is the only reason that he doesnt break, however Elie feels like he has to stay strong for Shlomo. Elie is changed from the young wealthy boy with the perfect life to the prison hardened young man with nothing to look forward to.He is forced to encounter his father suffer through torture. He is more than the average protagonist the antagonist in this story is the whole rest of the world. He is limited by his religion and the forces surrounding him to be something that he is not. He loved his father would do anything for him he makes unthinkable decisions that will protect them in the end. Elie survives the worst of conditions, the harshest of attitudes, and the most unthinkable predicaments. He is indeed a warrior and a worthy survivor of the Holocaust.

Charles Dickens: A Christmas Carol Essay

INTRODUCTIONA Christmas Carol (1843) is one of the most recognizable stories in English literature. With its legion(predicate) literary, stage, television, radio, and cinematic adaptations, the tale has become a holiday classic, and the character Ebenezer Scrooge has become a ethnical icon. First published in 1843, the novella garnered immediate critical and commercial attention and is credited with bring round interest in charitable endeavors, the possible perils of economic success, and festive traditions of the Christmas season. It is the first work in hellions series of Christmas stories known collectively as the Christmas Books, as well as the most general and enduring.Plot and Major CharactersSet in the 1840s on Christmas Eve, A Christmas Carol chronicles the personal transformation of the protagonist, Ebenezer Scrooge, the possessor of a London counting house. A wealthy, elderly man, Scrooge is considered miserly and misanthropic he has no wife or children he throws out two men collecting for charity he bullies and underpays his stanch clerk, Bob Cratchit and he dismisses the Christmas dinner invitation of his kind nephew, Fred. Moreover, Scrooge is a strong supporter of the Poor practice of law of 1834, which allowed the poor to be interned in workhouses.As he prepares for bed on Christmas Eve in his solitary, depressed chambers, Scrooge is visited by the ghost of his former partner, Jacob Marley. In life story Marley was very similar in status and temperament to Scrooge remote, cruel, and parsimonious. In death he has learned the value of compassion and warns Scrooge to iron out his ways before it is withal late. Marley announces that Scrooge will be visited by three more specters the hard liquor of Christmas Past, Present, and Yet to Come.The Ghost of Christmas Past takes Scrooge back to his unhappy childhood, revealing that the new-fashioned boys experiences with poverty and abandonment inspired a desire to succeed and gain material ad vantage. Unfortunately, Scrooges burgeoning ambition and greed destroyed his relationship with his fiance and his friends. The Ghost of Christmas Present is represented by a hearty, genial man who reminds Scrooge of the joy of gracious companionship, which he has rejected in favor of his misanthropic existence.Finally, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come appears in a dark robe and shrouded in mystery. Silently, the ghost reveals the uncertain reaction to news of Scrooges own death. Scrooge realizes that he will die only when and without love, and that he has the power and money to help those around himespecially Bob Cratchits ailing son, trivial Tim. Scrooge begs the ghost for another chance and wakes in his bed on Christmas morning, resolved to changing his life by being generous and loving to his family, employees, and the poor.Major ThemesA Christmas Carol has been deemed a biting small-arm of social commentary by some. Critics catch underscored the scathing criticism of 184 0s London, an economically and socially stratified urban center that Dickens believed imprisoned its poor and oppressed its lower classes. The prevailing socio-economic theory of that time held that anyone who was in debt should be put in a poorhouse. In his story, Dickens contended that the reformation of such a materialistic, shallow decree can be achieved gradually through the spiritual transformation of each individual.The story is well regarded for its rumination of a fundamental faith in humanity and its unflagging censure of social injustice, which was inspired by Dickenss troubled background and his visit to the Cornish tin mines where he observed young children laboring under appalling conditions. As Scrooge transforms from a cruel, embittered miser to a kindly philanthropist, Dickens advocates a more forgiving, generous society that values spiritual growth, not material wealth. Other major thematic concerns in A Christmas Carol include the role of memory, the importance of family, and the soul-deadening effect of greed on the human spirit.Critical ReceptionUpon its initial publication, A Christmas Carol was greeted with mixed reviews. Some commentators derided the tale as too sentimental and laden with exaggeration other critics maintained that A Christmas Carol lacked the complexity of Dickenss later work. Yet the novella remains a Christmas favorite. Commentators praise Dickenss evocative depiction of 1840s London and his passionate exploration of social and political issues. Dickenss fervent belief in social justice as depicted through A Christmas Carol is credited with inspiring an rill of charitable endeavors during his time and a revival of Christmas spirit and traditional celebrations.Critics drive also explored the fairy-tale and gothic elements in A Christmas Carol, and many praise Dickenss use of wry humor in the story. The relevance and power of Scrooges transformation from forlorn old niggard to benignant philanthropist is regarded as the key to the novellas unflagging popular appeal. Several scholars have debated the nature of Scrooges conversion, which is known as the Scrooge problem.Some critics, including Edmund Wilson, conclude that the transformation is a temporary one others have maintained that it is total and irrevocable. Scrooges metanoia has also been placed within its historical and literary context, and critics have related it to the religious revival then fervent in nineteenth-century England. A few full-length studies of the novella have traced the impact of the story on English and American culture and have discussed the copious imitations, adaptations, and overhaul versions of the tale.

Surveillance of literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Surveillance of literature - Essay ExampleThese imbalances are acknowledgeable in tenses and temporal orientation. The imbalance has been brought about by constant development of new technologies, which have served to discharge historical literature analysis, and introduced new ways of literature analysis. This has caused tracing the historical development of the social purlieu a big challenge, which can only be overcome through learning the history of watch, notably the change from the pre-computerized duration to the computerized age of emplacement contemporaneousness (Genosko & Thompson, 2006 p123). Therefore, this article presents two major issues, which are examine from their traditional perspective to their post-modernity nature. The two major concepts are Temporal disunity This is a major concept presented by the article, where a disparity between the traditional concepts of quantify and the present concepts are identified. In the post modernity era, the concept of tim e has become more and more vivid, especially as it relates to the present and real time definition (Genosko & Thompson, 2006 p129). There is a thin line between the present and the real-time in the post-computer era, as compared to the pre-computer era, where the sequence of activities was traceable, giving a clear difference between what was happening presently and what was happening in real-time (Mehlbaum, 2011 p29).... However, this has changed in the post modernity era, where information is generated from the computer, where it has been stored, losing the temporal essence of the literature (Hedgecock, 2008 p63). This is because, although the information could be reputationed with details such as the date and the time a transaction occurred, it is not potential to define the actual behavior of the individual at the time of the occurrence of that event (Genosko & Thompson, 2006 p130). Thus, the introduction of ICT has changed surveillance of literature from an initial form where it was visible, to the post modern form where the event remains known, but invisible. The post modernity surveillance of literature is beneficial since it has simplified and automated the process, making it possible to easily record and retrieve information on any given subject, whenever such an action is deemed necessary. However, it has made the process of recreating signification both hard and uncertain (Lyon, 2007 p209). This has occurred because, while the pre-computer era allowed for physical observation of literature and the consequent mental synthesis of meaning, based on the observable behavior, the case is different for the post modernity era. The shift of the temporal survey by the ICT in the post modernity era has eliminated the chances of criticizing past events, since the visible aspect of the literature is nonexistent. Additionally, the transformation of the temporal horizon has made it difficult for the interpretation of the history of past events to occur (Genos ko & Thompson, 2006 p131). The emphasis on the concept of real-time by the post modernity era has resulted to the convergence of both the past and the prox in duration-less platform, where it is no longer

Team Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team Diversity - Essay ExampleIn the United States, Children grow up with an exacting and challenging life where TRY AND TRY AGAIN TILL YOU SUCCEED is the motto because the US dominion is WIDE enough for challenges.Some of the supervisors from the other countries looked at the loss during the previous year as deduction that normal life is really hard down there because there is literally no elbow room in their place for research & development.To ease the situation, I gave each member a heathen (Schermerhorn, 1997) and historical nutshell report of the cultures and traditions of each country to all members of the meeting. It was explained that based on Appendix A below, the US has a high creativity index.It is recommended that the five step program(Strickland, 19997) be implemented to eliminate mistrust and see among the different cultures. Firth, all supervisors are to TEACH the other members of their cultures so work will go swimmingly and prevent stereotyping. Second, the cul tural structures have to be integrated such as no more manlike or female job. Third, cultural groups barriers must be broken down so that there is still ONE group of many cultures.

Organizational Communication Concepts and Skills Assignment

presidencyal communication Concepts and Skills - Assignment Examplethitherfore, if the organization tends to neglect socializing the employees, then in such cases the employees must themselves socialize. There ar two distinct communication network taking place in organizational environment. They are formal as well as informal network. The formal network is making communication pursuance the hierarchical body structure of the organization. On the other hand, the informal network comprises communication following the grapevine (Cairo University, 2012). It is a well known fact that successful communication in an organization enhances the efficiency, minimizes the turnover of the employees and also helps in the development of the office atmosphere. The chief objective of this discussion is to propose a new communication structure for an organization. The five different concepts that the discussion shall guess are active earshot, organizational culture, and conflict resolution, leade rship strategies as well as formal and informal communication. Analysis of the Concepts Important For Successful Communication within an Organization active voice Listening It is a well known fact that effective listening is important for change communication. However, the managers are not always found to be listening since active listening is not considered to be a natural procedure. Mental as well as physical efforts are needed on part of the listener. Intra-organizational listening can be considered as an influential competitive tool (Helms & Haynes, 1992). In the condition of the business world, listening is considered to be a significant element of effectual communication in an organization. while communicating with the members of the organization, listening will assist in avoiding any kind of confusions, comprehending the work lucidly and indeed creating a positive connection with whom the communication is initiated. The communication experts have agreed to the fact that active listening as a major factor which comprises behaviors such as empathetic body language, posing useable questions, validating employee expression via considerate conversation turn-taking along with rephrasing for ensuring mutual understanding. Active listening mostly comprises the focus of the consultants upon the clients with an indication that they are listening closely to the issue presented and the clients interpretation of this sight (The University of Maine, 2012). For a communication to be effective and successful, it is vital for the listeners to motivate themselves to listen. They are supposed to decide but why they are listening. Active listening offers numerous advantages to the organization. It leads to save in time by fashion of peoples defenses and gain significant information without repeating the same conversation always. It permits the organization to evaluate a situation accurately (Kuboto, Mishima, & Nagata, 2004). However, one of the facts regarding ac tive listening is that it is not an aristocratical skill to be attained. It might as well require alterations in ones own basic attitudes. Active listening carries an element of personal risk. Creating an attitude of sincere interest in the speaker system is not an easy task. It can hence be created by being willing to risk viewing the world from the speakers point of view (Rogers & Farson, 2010). Organizational Culture Organizational culture is considered to be a significant component in the context of organizational communication. Culture is generally comprehended as how people steel sense of

What is economic growth Discuss the factors that promote economic Essay

What is economic growth Discuss the factors that promote economic growth in ( Australia ) - Essay lawsuitThe factors that promote economic growth within Australia comprise of its service sector which depicts around 68% of the GDP. in addition the role of the agricultural and mining sectors is of utmost essence as these signify about 57% of Australian exports (Blackie, 2008). Economic growth within Australia is bolstered by being dependent on imported crude petroleum as well as petroleum products. The economic growth is manifested time and again by the military capability of the Australian Dollar which has made its mark not only within the nation but besides in the Commonwealth comity of nations. The inflation is at 2.8% by 2010 estimates and Gini index stands at 0.331 by 2009 figures (Dixon, 2010). In 2010, $210 billion worth of exports were recorded which suggests for success within the economic growth modules. It bear be tardily suggested that the economic growth domains with in Australia are set on the right pattern and one can look forward to seeing more similar dimensions coming to the fore with the advent of

Mobile computing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mobile computing - Research radical ExampleIn the present day world, the requirement of be interconnected even while being rambling has become a daily necessity. Majority of the underlying objectives of the prevailing businesses can only be achieved through and through use of radio receiver networks Businesses require a fast, in-time communication system for succeeding. Communicational delays could result in clients dissatisfaction, lost opportunities due to in-time decision making requirements, huge financial losses and sales reductions. The health cathexis memorial tablet require internetworked machinery, internetworked info storage and reporting, interdepartmental alerts and messages, online access to patients past history at point of c be i.e. in operation theaters, etc., access to medicine library in order to be aware of manageable side-affects contradicting with patients medical history before giving out prescriptions, keep updated research repositories (Jessop, 2011). Mo bile computing offers a solution to all areas of human computer interaction that requires instantaneous access or retrieval of data through use of internet (global networked surround) or Intranet (local networked environment) at possibly everywhere worldwide or deep down an organization. 2. What is Mobile Computing? Mobile computing refers to the computing environment that is created as a result of the pin collaboration of cellular technology, portable and smart devices, wireless Local Area Networks (LANs) and satellite services providing worldwide access to information round the clock. Unlike the traditional mode of access to Internet or Intranet through a furbish up point of access, mobile computing enables mobility to users i.e. the users need not be connected to fixed network positions in order to acquire or communicate information. Rather the task can be carried out even while the user is entitled to unrestricted mobility (Imielinski & Korth, 1996). In some cases the data would be stored on public or proprietary servers to be retrieved through mobile computers e.g. through Internet, while in other cases the mobile devices may provide data themselves e.g. through smartphones and cards (Bernard & Miller, 2011). 3. Essentials for Mobile Computing In order for achieving a mobile computing environment, there are some basic configuration requirements (Zimmerman, 2009). 3.1. tall Portability and Computation One of the essential requirements for mobile computing is the need that the devices used in the environment are light weight and small enough to ensure portability (Forman & Zahorjan, 1994). Instead of big heavy mobile devices, small, lightweight units, offering to be used as high computational devices are better alternatives. 3.2. Low military unit Consumption Besides the requirements of fast, lightweight computing devices (laptops, mobile phones, tablets, etc.) there is an additional requirement of the devices to be moo on power consumption in orde r to survive in the mobile computing environment (Forman & Zahorjan, 1994). This has become a rather standardized requirement in the mobile computing world. 3.3. Internet Connectivity another(prenominal) basic requirement for mobile computing is having a connection to the Internet. Whenever the device is required to have an Internet access, the mobile computing device must have at least a built-in wireless network adapter, also called as WiFi card for accessing the Internet. 3.4. Durability Another requirement of devices to survive the mobile computing environment is the fact that the devices must be operable in highly varying scenarios as mobile computing is supposed to be done anywhere and everywhere. An example is Panasonics ToughBook which was designed to survive the closely

DIRECTORIAL COLLAGE and CASTING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DIRECTORIAL COLLAGE and CASTING - Essay ExampleShe finally gets lost in the street as she looks for something that she bathnot even remember.Sometimes, we can choose to let other people to fight for our rights, equivalent the people airing their problems and opinions to the governor to be at times we choose to sit in the patronize seat and readily let other people control our lives while others choose to take the cocksucker by horns like the one contesting to be the next governor of the state. He sees a chance to agnise a change and difference in his own livelihood and grabs it with both hands.Sometimes in life we want to go with flow, we want to imitate and be like the individuals we see on the television. The gym teacher makes a living out of trying to make people to look like the advertisements on the television. This can lead you onto a world that doesnt exist since most of what we see on the television and advertisements is not real. Attention can also be very soothing to the soul, and that is why the girl at the political party wishes she could get all the attention and somehow feels like she is dead when nobody is listening to