Creating Sentences With Commas Punctuation Practice

Confused on when and where to place commas in a sentence? Almost everyone gets rusty from time to time. Heres a little exercise that can help you learn when commas are necessary or to help you dust the cobwebs off of your already acquired skills. This sentence-imitation exercise will give you practice in applying the four guidelines for using commas correctly.   Instructions Use each of the four sentences below as the model for a new sentence of your own. Your new sentence should follow the guidelines in parenthesis and use the same number of commas as in the original. Example: The younger children spent the afternoon at Chuck E. Cheese, and the others went to the ball game.(Guideline: Use a comma before a coordinator—and, but, yet, or, nor, for, so—that links two main clauses.) Sample sentences: Vera cooked the roast beef, and Phil baked a pumpkin pie.Tom ordered steak, but the waiter brought Spam. Exercises I rang the bell and pounded on the door, but no one answered.(Guideline: Use a comma before a coordinator—and, but, yet, or, nor, for, so—that links two main clauses; do not use a comma before a coordinator that links two words or phrases.)I sent Elaine a basket full of apricots, mangoes, bananas, and dates.(Guideline: Use commas to separate words, phrases, or clauses that appear in a series of three or more.)Because the storm had knocked out the electricity, we spent the evening telling ghost stories on the porch.(​​Guideline: Use a comma after a phrase or clause that precedes the subject of the sentence.)Simone  LeVoid, who has never voted in her life, is running for the post of county commissioner.(Guideline: Use a pair of commas to set off nonessential words, phrases, or clauses—also called nonrestrictive elements—that interrupt a sentence.)

Global Health Promotion The Global Prevalence Of Chronic...

Global Health Promotion MaryAnn E Laird Nurs233 Carroll Community College Abstract The purpose of this document is to demonstrate the need for global health promotion by using statistical data to demonstrate the global prevalence of chronic illness. This document will also cover the factors affecting the lack of health education, resources, health personnel, and explain how nurses - present and future - can help promote global health despite the lack of resources. Attention will also be given to improvements that will be necessary in order for nurses to effectively promote global health. A strong focus within this paper is a study conducted on the theoretical basis ’underlying nurses’ health promoting†¦show more content†¦2014). The Ottawa Charter went on to explain that health promotion must be implemented in schools, homes, work places, and within the community setting (Bolch, et.al., 2014). One might ask how can we educate, what do we teach, and how can health promotion change the course and health status of individuals, as well as affect society as a whole? Within this paper I will explain how health promotion has worked, what needs to change to improve health promotion, and what nurses within the community, hospitals, and schools do to help promote overall health. Upon my research I have found that though health promotion has improved in the last twenty-five years, there is still a need for education and resources in order to improve health promotion globally. According to W.H.O., around 6 million children die worldwide before the age of 5. These deaths are typically preventable. If these children had resources such as vaccinations, exclusive breastfeeding, and clean water sanitation these children would be able to survive (â€Å"10 Facts On the State Of Global Health,† 2012). Another statistic from W.H.O. states that cardiovascular diseases is the leading cause of death worldwide. That means that 3 of 10 deaths are attributed to either a diseased

Project Management The Wedding free essay sample

This project requires research imagination, and logic in applying the content of this course and book. Go to Chapter 4 and pick Case Study# 2 titled â€Å"The Wedding† It starts at page 132. This case study will continue in Chapters 5 through 8. You will follow every step and answer questions in a presentation format. Project Requirements Assignment Due: This project assignment should be uploaded to the course ASSIGNMENTS no later than Midnight, 12-8-2013 General Instructions: This is an optional group OR individual assignment. You have an option to do this assignment on your own or become part of the group. If you want to be in a group, go ahead and email me. If not, let me know that you will handle it individually. Either ways, I need to hear from you. However, once you make that decision and notify me, there is no going back. You will be held responsible for your decision. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management The Wedding or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I will not hear any excuses about group members not participating or getting along. If you do partner up, the group will meet within chat rooms, via discussion board, in-person and email and decide how you will complete this assignment. Real time meetings (i. e. IM) are allowed if agreed upon by all group members. I suggest you exchange contact information (email, phone number) as soon as your groups are formed. You will need to document group meeting days, times, and team members present. Designate a member of the group (preferably rotate this duty) and email this information to me via the course email. There will be two deliverables for this project: (I need both files) 1)A report using Microsoft Word (details under Report Format below) 2)A Microsoft Project file (details under Project Guideline below) Report Format: Your report should be 6-8 pages typed and double-spaced (not including cover sheet and references). You should use 12 pt, Times New Roman font. You can use charts, graphs, illustrations, etc. or other visual aids to enhance your report. The report should follow the format below: Cover Sheet (includes names of all group members, course name and number, instructor’s name and the date). Introduction includes an opening paragraph that has a clearly identifiable statement of purpose for your report. Your central idea is stated here. Your introduction should also contain a preview of major points for discussion. Body includes all of the information that is described in the Project Description. Conclusion summarizes the discussion and ties the main points together in a meaningful way. Reference Sheet include a list of reference sources. Place these in alphabetical order according to author’s last name. The list identifies the source used (name of book, journal, magazine, etc. ) and the date of publication. If you used website, reference the web address. You should follow APA guidelines for citations and references. Project Guideline Develop an objective statement that will be used as a basis for planning the wedding. Start with: Project Start Time = Day 0 (Pick a future date. e. g. 11/01/2013) Required Project Completion Time = 180 days Required Completion Date = May 31, 2014 Scope (specify large, medium, or small wedding; identify key participants and guests) Cost (make cost effective decisions on wedding location, travel arrangements, etc. ; no requirement to specify activity costs) Develop a Work Breakdown Structure for the wedding. Develop a list of activities to be completed between Day 0 and the wedding day (shoot for between 30 and 50 activities). For each activity: †¢Identify the individual (resource) who will be responsible for the activity †¢Develop a duration estimate †¢Develop immediate predecessor activities for each activity (no â€Å"dead-end† activities) †¢Develop a network diagram showing the interrelationships between all the activities †¢Determine the critical path and identify the activities that make up the critical path. Grading and Evaluation If you are part of the group, you will receive one grade for this assignment. However, I reserve the right to report different grades for group members if I determine a substantial imbalance in the level of effort put forth. Each member of the group will also be required to evaluate the other group members using an Evaluation Form that I will provide to you. The team leader or other designated individual should upload the final group document to the ASSIGNMENTS tool located in the course website. In addition, EACH MEMBER OF THE GROUP SHOULD SUBMIT THEIR PORTION OF THE PAPER TO ME AS AN ATTACHMENT TO MY COURSE EMAIL. THIS IS MANDATORY. Non-compliance will result in deduction of points from final project grade.

Respiratory System

Abstract Respiratory system regulates the volume of gases inhaled and exhaled by a person. This experiment examined the lung volume and capacities and the differences in vital capacities between genders. Furthermore, it investigated several factors that control the respiratory rate and volume, such as pH, O2, and CO2 level. The lung volume helps in studying lung diseases and complications.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Respiratory System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Notably, the average vital capacity (VC) of men was higher than that of women. This might be due to physiological and anatomical differences between males and females, as well as body size. In addition, we examined the effect of re-breathed air in paper bags on breathing rate and tidal volume (TV). The subjects measured their resting respiration rates and tidal volumes for 2 minutes using a spirometer and a power lab recording system. Next, t hey measured the respiration rate during breathing in paper bag for 2-3 minutes. Their results indicated a slight increase in respiration rate from 15 to 17 breaths /min and an ideal volume increased sharply from 0.9 to 1.4. Remarkably, this indicated an increase in CO2 level, which stimulated the increase in the quantity of exchangeable air. As a result, the tidal volume increased even though the rate was low. During hyperventilation CO2, level decreased, which resulted in a decrease in the stimulus for breathing, thus the brain got less signals to re-breathe holding and took longer periods than normally to stimulate breathing from 73 to 119 sec. Introduction The respiratory system’s is tasked with supplying the body with ample O2 and elimination of the waste products of tissue metabolism such as carbon (IV) oxide. The lungs volume is conditioned by inhale and exhale of air. Lung capacity is the sum of Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV), Tidal Volume (TV), Inspiratory Reserve V olume (IRV), and Residual Volume (RV) (Marieb and Hoehn, 2010). To understand one’s respiratory situation, Lung volume can be measured to give this information. Additionally, lung volume helps in accurate diagnosis of lung complications. As lung volumes and capacities can vary irregularly, in pulmonary patients they are regularly measured using a spirometer. The outcome can provide definite diagnosis and even distinguish between obstructive pulmonary disorder and restrictive disorder. These disorders come up when there is loss of total lung capacities and variation function of lungs (Measuring Lung Capacity, n.d.). Upward change in TLC, FRC and RV may occur due to lungs hyperinflation in obstructive diseases. On the other hand, VC, TLC, FRC, and RV are because of restrictive diseases that limit lungs expansion (Marieb and Hoehn, 2010).Advertising Looking for proposal on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Factors such as CO2, O2, and pH in arterial blood affect the rate of respiration. However, CO2 pressure is the main stimulus that controls respiration in human bodies; therefore, any change in CO2 level will lead to an increase of pH level to nine. Results Experiment 1: Measurement of Lung Volume and Capacities Figure one: A Spiro-graphic Record of Respiratory Volume and Capacities From figure 1 TV=0.5, IRV=1.2 ERV=1.0 ACTUAL VALUE TV = 0.348 L; IRV = 1.33L and ERV volume =1.27L The calculation of respiration capacity is as follows:Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Respiratory System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The inspiratory capacity (IR) =TV+IRV=1.68L The functional residual capacities (FRC) = ERV+RV=1.27+1.2=2.47L, RV is the residual volume =1.2L. Vital capacities (CV) =TV+IRV+ERV=2.95L Total Lung Capacities (TLC) TV+ERV+RV=4.15L Table1: Average Vital Capacity Results for Male and Females Experiment 1Advertising Looking for proposal on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Average vital capacity for male (L) 5.2 Average vital capacity for female (L) 3.1 Experiment 2: Effects of Re-Breathing Expired Gas on Respiration RateIn table 1, average class result specifies that males had higher vital capacity than females Table 2: Average class result of respiration rate and tidal volume during control and paper bag breathing. Respiration rate(breath /min) Tidal volume (L) Controlled breathing Paper-bag breathing Controlled breathing Paper-bag breathing 17 breath/min 17 breath/min   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   0.9L   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.7L From table 2, the average respiration change remained the same during control respiration. However, average tidal volume changed significantly from average of 0.9 L during control breathing to 1.7L during paper bag breathing. Expirment3: Effects of Hyperventilation on Breathe Holding Time Table 3: Average results of breath holding time during and after hyperventilation Experiment 3: Breathe holding time (seconds) D uring Control (sec) 61 After breath-holding (sec) 111 The average breath holding time increased sharply and almost doubled from 61 during control to 111 seconds after hyperventilation. Discussion The quantity of air that the lungs inhales relies on condition of inspiration, thus there are many respiratory volumes. Firstly, tidal volume (TV) is the air that moves in and out of the lungs with each breath. From the results in figure 2, TV= 348 ml; that of a healthy person is marked at 500 ml (TV). Secondly, inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the total air that one can inhale forcefully after TV and its average is roughly 2100-2300ml. However, our data indicates 1330 ml, which was less than the average. The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the air that forcefully exhaled after TV. It is normally 100-1200 ml and from the above data in figure, it is 1270ml. Finally, residual volume (RV) is the air that remains in the lungs after a complete expiration; it has an average of 1200 ml. RV helps to avoid lungs collapse by keeping the alveoli open (Daubenspeck, 2006). The inspiratory capacity (IC) is the total air inhaled after TV; therefore, it is the sum of TV and IRV. Vital capacity is more likely to be higher in men than in women. In general, women have anatomical and physiological characteristics, such as reduced vital capacity, airway diameter and lesser diffusion surface compared to men of the same age and height. These factors influence the exercise response and the low maxima aerobic power, as less muscle in women needs less supply of O2 and release less CO2 (Dahan, n.d.). Obviously, men who are more muscles than the other men have higher aerobic power. For this reason, they require high supply of Oxygen as they release less carbon (IV) oxide. In paper bag, breathing increased the level of inhaled CO2 and decreased that of O2 . CO2 then dehydrates to form carbonic acid H2CO3 that dissociate to give bicarbonate HCO3– and H+ ions. H+ ions activate the chemoreceptor that sends signals to the medulla in the brain’s stem hence increasing the rate and depth of breathing as shown in table 2. The respiration rate increased from 15 to 17 breath/ min. The immediate change in the level of CO2 is the main cause for rise in pH. Although the rate of the breathing is low, TV significantly increased as indicated in table 2 from 9 to 1.7L (Dahan, n.d.). During hyperventilation, the CO2 level dropped in alveoli capillaries and pH level rose, but O2 remained the same because nearly 98% of O2 is carried by haemoglobin, which shows that O2 gas saturates haemoglobin during normal breathing and hyperventilation. Markedly, there was a strong relationship between CO2 and hyperventilation as CO2 triggers respiration in the body. When a person hyperventilates, he/she exhales a great amount of CO2, thus the brain gets less signal; it increases a person’s breathing speed coupled with tiredness. This explains the great difference between brea th holding in a class result during normal breathing (73 sec) and 119 seconds after hyperventilation. Therefore, when a person hyperventilates, dizziness and fainting occur. References Dahan, A. (n.d.). Factors Influencing the Control of Breathing. European Society for Intravenous Anaesthesia. Web. Daubenspeck, J. A. (2006). Mechanical Factors in Breathing Pattern Regulation in Humans. Biomedical and Life Sciences, 9(5 – 6), 409-424. Web. Marieb, E. N., Hoehn, K. (2010). Human Anatomy and Physiology (8th ed.). Redwood City, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings. Measuring Lung Capacity. (n.d.). The Biology Corner. Web. This proposal on Respiratory System was written and submitted by user Raymond T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Lesser Evil Essays - Social Philosophy, Philosophy Of Life

The Lesser Evil Hathaway, Aaron Period 7 The Lesser Evil Barbara Harrison once said, ?The toughest choices in life are not those between good and evil, but those between the good and the lesser good.? She makes a good point given that those are the only types of choices that we must make. Sadly, there is a third type of decision that we fear the most, the decisions between the bad and the lesser bad. Distinguishing the lesser of two evils is far more difficult than identifying the greater of two goods. Many times we are faced with situations where we are compelled to lie. Lying is wrong, but in many cases is less destructive than telling the truth. Take a police officer, for example, who has just apprehended a known criminal. He's taken away in an ambulance before the officer could finish reading his rights. In court the officer is asked if the criminal was read his rights in full. At this point the officer could either tell the truth and let the criminal get away or lie and have him put behind bars. In this case lying would be wrong, but telling the truth would be even worse. Personal sacrifice is often one of the options when making a hard decision. In these cases we ask ourselves if we are willing to give something up in order to benefit others. At first glance this may seem like a decision between good (charity) and evil (selfishness). At a closer examination, however, we can see that in both cases one or the other party is at a financial loss. Help the starving children in India! Save the rainforest! What is it that makes us compelled to harm our checkbook? Guilt? Perhaps. It's most likely the belief that we can help a world problem by sending our money to a greedy corporation that will keep half of it for itself: a classic no-win situation. What about a decision that really makes us choose between the lesser of two evils? I though you'd never ask. Hypothetical situation: You are staying in a quaint, forest cabin with your family. An earthquake hits in the middle of the night sending tons of snow and ice down onto your cabin. Sadly, a member of your family is terribly wounded when an iron support snaps under the pressure of the snow and becomes lodged in his arm. It's not serious but without antibiotics the wound becomes infected and leads to his death three days later. By this time your family is starving, having eaten the loaf of bread and box of cereal that you brought. You dare not try opening the door since it has buckled inwards from the weight of the snow. You have no idea when help will come. Here's where you must make your decision. Do you let your family starve and not desecrate your family member's body or do you do the unthinkable and hold out a few more days, possibly saving the lives of your family members and yourself? Although extremely unlikely, while possible, this situation invokes the most feared type of decision imaginable. Most people, including myself, would choose not to answer on the basis that it would never happen. It's only natural for us to avoid something that we are absolutely terrified of. Often those decisions that we recall as the hardest decisions in our lives are those that force us to pick among several choices, all with unpleasant outcomes. We need to look past the small everyday decisions in life when deciding what is truly difficult. Although what Barbara Harrison said was true, she forgot to tell us that decisions between the bad and the worse are infinitely more difficult to make.

Companies’ behavior towards changes in the external environment The WritePass Journal

Companies’ behavior towards changes in the external environment Introduction: Companies’ behavior towards changes in the external environment Introduction: Supply and Demand and how do they effect the price and the Market Equilibrium:   Gaining the customer loyalty: Five advantages for making a first time customer a lifetime purchaser (Loyal customer):   Conclusion:   Reference listRelated Introduction: Ash from Iceland’s eyjafjallajokull volcano triggered an unprecedented shutdown of European airspace for six days until the 21st of April 2010, paralyzing many airports and trapping hundreds of thousands of tourists and business travellers. The flight ban was compulsory because ash can turn to molten glass in the high temperatures of an aircrafts turbine and cripple the engine. The safety and   security of travellers was the first priority of the airlines’ companies and accordingly they had to stop all their flights within Europe, which in turn affected the whole tourism’s industry including hotels. BBC, 2010) However, each company had their own point of view on the best actions that can be taken in these types of situations and unique circumstances, depending on some of the business and economical theories and concepts. Nevertheless, to demonstrate and understand these actions Mrs. Judith Piggott’s experience with British airways and a local hotel is used. In this report, these theories will be presented and analyzed; in addition the way that the companies implemented them in this case will be exposed. Supply and Demand and how do they effect the price and the Market Equilibrium:   To understand the local hotel’s attempt, which is lowering their price, the terms supply, demand and Market Equilibrium must be known. Firstly, the term demand means â€Å"the want or desire to possess a good or service with the necessary goods, services, or financial instruments necessary to make a legal transaction for those goods or services† (see appendix 1), and the relationship between price and quantity demanded is an inverse or negative relationship. This means that when price goes up quantity demanded goes down, and when price goes down quantity demanded goes up true for individuals, modules (e.g. Groups of consumers), whole markets. Secondly, the word supply in economics means â€Å"the amount of a product that the firm is able and willing to put on the market over a specified period† (see appendix 1). The market supply is the sum of the supply of all firms at any given price, there is a positive relationship between price and quantity, when price goes up quantity supplied goes up (Tucker, 2008). Finally and the most important term for our case is the Market Equilibrium, where the supply and demand intersect or in another words when the quantity of product supplied equals the quantity of product demanded at any given price (see appendix 2). (Wessels, 2006) Therefore, the Market Equilibrium is the goal for any firm to avoid any surpluses (see appendix 3) or   shortages (see appendix 4). By understanding these concepts we can recognise that the local hote   were concerned that because of the ash clouds, the coming customers’ numbers will be less than usual adding to that the other competitors in the market which will even lower the numbers more, consequently minimising the hotel’s chare from the whole market. Therefore, the hotel had to lower their prices firstly to avoid surpluses of empty rooms, and secondly to compete with the other hotels in the market. Gaining the customer loyalty: The regular company in the UK wastes from 20-40% of its customers each year.   By acknowledging   this issue and its negative influence on the company competitiveness and profitability, a firm must swap from the long accepted market share strategy to a completely different long-term approach   to business, which is building the customer loyalty (Bell and Patterson, 2004). Boosted loyalty can bring cost savings to a firm in at least six areas: Reduced marketing costs (customer gaining or attracting costs require more pounds). Lower switching costs such as contract negotiation and order processing. Reduced customer turnover costs (fewer lost customers to replace). Increased cross-selling success leading to larger share of market. More positive word of mouth and better company image. Reduced collapse costs. Five advantages for making a first time customer a lifetime purchaser (Loyal customer): Sales go up, because the customer is purchasing more from the firm. The firm is strengthening their situation in the marketplace, when clients are buying from them instead of their competitors. Marketing costs decrease when the firm doesn’t have to spend a huge amount of money to attract repeat customers, since they already have them.   In addition, as satisfied customers they tell their friends (Word of mouth marketing) thereby decreasing your need to advertise. Therefore, decreasing marketing costs. Avoiding price competition with competitors, because a loyal customer is less expected to be attracted away to another competitors by a discount of a few pounds. Finally, a satisfied customer is expected to sample the firm’s other product lines thus helping to achieve a larger share of customers. When a firm is spending less to attract new customers, it can afford to pay their staff’s better wages. Better salaries prompt a chain reaction, with huge benefits. If a company is able to maintain good workers, the company’s loyalty both internally and externally improves. Just as customer retaining has a positive influence on profitability, customer defection can have a negative influence.   Defection by a long-term customer (Loyal customer) can cause an intense loss and affect the bottom line faster than defection by a new customer. Both of customer loyalty and satisfaction are two words that go into the Sales Strategic Plan. (Lawfer, 2004). Both of British airways and Thomson’s holidays tried to gain the customer’s loyalty and expand their customers’ base by their actions. For example, British airways paid off their customers the extra nights hotel’s fees, and they did that in a short period of time. Whereas companies such as Ryan air refused to do so. In addition, Thomson holidays were so generous and caring with their customers they paid for the extra nights, food and they even send their cruises to pick their clients and return them home. While, other companies where so mean and untruthful to their clients, they promised to pay for the meals and then retreat and demanded money for them. Which had a negative impact on their customer base. Thus lowered the number of returning customers and that can be seen clearly from Ryan air customer’s feedback. Even though British airways and Thomson holidays lost a huge amount of money on the short run, but they gained their customer’s loy alty and trust. Consequently, expanded their customers’ base, which will recover their losses in the long run (Reichheld, 1996).   Conclusion:   To sum up, the Iceland’s volcanic ash had a strong impact on the airlines industry and   forced the companies to stop all their flight within Europe, which in turn affected the tourism industry as a whole. Companies’ actions towards this incident varied from one   to another, depending on some of the commercial and economical theories and principles. Some of the companies such as British airways and Thomson holidays were   looking more on the future and tried to maintain their customer base and gain their trust, by being helpful and truthful with their clients. On the other hand companies such Rayan air and some of the other holiday’s firms, were dishonest and looked more on the   present and how to avoid losses. Even though British airways and Thomson lost a huge amount of money on the short run, but maintaining their customer base will allow them to cover these losses in the long run.In terms of pricing strategies the local hotel depended on the great u nderstanding of the economical terms supply, demand and Market Equilibrium. They pushed the price down   so they can raise the demand up and achieve the Market   Equilibrium, and in turn avoid   surpluses or shortages in rooms. Moreover, pushing the prices down will able them to compete with other competitors in the market and expand their market share. In my opinion British airways and Thomson holidays made the right strategic decision and approached the right actions, because of the advantages of increasing the loyalty and maintaining loyal customers that I mentioned previously. In addition, I think the local hotel were also successful in their pricing strategies, because if they did not push the prices down there would had been a huge numbers of unequipped   rooms, and their losses would had been even grater. Reference list BBC (2010) Icelandic volcanic ash alert grounds UK flights. April 15, 2010 [online]. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8621407.stm [Accessed on April 22, 2011] Bell, C. And Patterson, J. (2004) Customer Loyalty, Guaranteed: Create, Lead, And Sustain Remarkable Customer. Massachusetts: Adams Media Lawfer, M. (2004) Why Customers Come Back: How to Create Lasting Customer Loyalty. New Jersey: The Career Press Reichheld, F. (1996) The loyalty effect: the hidden force behind growth, profits, and lasting value. Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press Tucker, I. (2008) Macroeconomics for Today. Ohio: Cengage Learning Wessels, W. (2006) Economics. New York: BARRON’S

Proposal Argument - Overcrowded Prisons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proposal Argument - Overcrowded Prisons - Essay Example Any person who finds guilty of committing crime is likely to face consequences of punishment from the legal system of the nation (Darrow, pp. 6-10). The behavior of the person after punishment will change and make the person a better one is under many controversies and quarrels as the studies’ results have shown different findings in each case. For the last few decades, crime and criminal activities has boosted drastically and become one of the serious issues for the entire human race. The criminal acts not only affects the criminals, their families, and victims but has effects largely on the society as whole. The ratio of increase in crime factor is resulting in the increase of prisons as well to accommodate the prisoners (Darrow, pp. 11-13). In order to control and alleviate the facet of crime in a state or nation and to provide security to its citizens, the justice system is existent. As the country is powerful and economically stable, it proves that the justice system is w orking in the right path resulting in the growth of the state. United States of America is one of the countries that are considerably a superpower state with an influential justice system. Despite of having a strong justice system, observations has come into limelight that the proportion of people involved in the criminal activities has increased at an unprecedented rate with the passage of time. The criminals are not restricted to gender and both males and females are largely engaging themselves into such actions and behaviors (Clear, Cole & Reisig, pp. 460-470). According to the statistics of researches, it has come under conclusion that the rates of crime in the U.S. regions have far more than that of countries in the other regions of the world and has materialized in the last few decades. The consequence of the increase in crime, the jails, and prisons are now overfull and congested. The result of overcrowding makes the authority of the prisons to adjust criminals that are in do uble quantity now in the prison cells that came under plan for single. Another consequence of the crime rate raising is that there is a lack of beds for the criminals for which they keep them into the jails that are far away from their home. Increase in transportation cost is an outcome of it, also making delays in the justice as it takes more time to reach for court appearances. In addition, there is a high risk involved that subsequent to the release, the prisoner will not be able to re-incorporate amongst his family members and the society (Pollock, pp. 65-67). The growth of prisoners is creating a negative and unconstructive impact, as jail authorities are carrying out no productive and beneficial work for the inmates that could lead them to be a better person in future. According to the researches that have conducted, it has come under evidence that very little measures have come under performance for the prisoners in educating them and providing them with the employment opport unities (Pollock, pp. 67-71). The prison environments play a vital role and are of great deal of importance in the formation of the inmates’ attitudes. If the prison environm

Analysis of a Media Contested Family, Neighbourhood or Community Essay

Analysis of a Media Contested Family, Neighbourhood or Community - Essay Example Tyler Clementi’s case was handled in an inconclusive manner. The consensus was still not reached as to who what was to be done to the perpetrators in this case, how should the society and the family react and the overall judicial process for bringing people to justice. According to the comments gathered from leading online sources as well as the media covering Tyler Clementi’s case, it can be gathered that it was a case of intolerance from all quarters. The perpetrators identified as Ravi and his friend circle were definitely the major culprits in their sinister acts which lead to the suicide, but equally to blame were Tyler’s parents who failed to treat Clementi’s gender disorder case with care and adequate sensitivity. From all the online commentaries and expert reviews as well as public sentiment the rhetoric can be analysed to be a sentiment that blames the entire system including the judiciary, the academic system, society and family also.

Defining Important Terms (Due 7.12.13) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Defining Important Terms (Due 7.12.13) - Essay Example Thus over all human resource development programs motivates employees and assists individuals in better decision making through enhanced level of acquired skills and knowledge. The basic purpose of human resource development program is to promote fair and positive working environment for employees. It relies on the fact that the success of any organization is dependent on the growth and development of their employees thus these programs play a vital role in growing their organizations. This actually turns out favorable for both the parties that is employees and the organization (Torraco, & Swanson, 1995). Evaluation is the process of systematic assessment of a matter or an object. It is defined as the systematic acquisition and assessment of information to provide useful feedback about some object (Ferguson, & Reio Jr, 2010). It can also be defined as the process of examining the worth, merit or significance of an object (Boselie, Dietz, & Boon, 2005). It includes analyzing strengths and weaknesses of an object. Proper evaluation is aided by sufficient amount of information regarding the object that is taken into consideration. The reason why evaluation is done varies with the type of objective one has. As evaluation is closely related to one’s objectives because evaluation helps as a tool to manage performance so that the intended target of performance can be achieved. Thus to have effective process of evaluation, it is very necessary to know about one’s objectives. There must be clear understanding about what a firm or an organization wants to achieve, otherwise evaluation process will not take place properly and divergence can be observed in achieving goals which can alienate firms from their vision. Mostly evaluation helps in measurement of performance, providing credibility, understanding equity, improvement of upcoming activities and

Malnutrition Effects on Quality Of Life

Malnutrition Effects on Quality Of Life The focus of this assessment is quality of life and specifically this paper considers how malnutrition affects quality of life of community settings patients. According to the Scottish Governments publication Older people living in community Nutrition needs, barrier and interventions: a literature review, malnutrition is an umbrella term for undernutrition, overnutrition and imbalance diet intake (The Scottish Government, 2009). Malnutrition has previously been described in the various ways (The Scottish Government, 2009). However, for purpose of this assessment the following term will be used as defined by World Health Organisation (WHO) the cellular imbalance between the supply of nutrients and energy and the bodys demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific functions (see European Nutrition for Health Alliance, 2005). According to Saunders, Smith and Stroud (2010) 2 per cent of the UK population is underweight: Body Mass Index (BMI) is lower than 18.5 kg/m. However, they agreed that patients could be still at risk of malnutrition whatever their BMI is (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). Malnutrition, as well as other factors, has negative effect on the persons quality of life (The Scottish Government, 2009). In the UK, hospitals admission rate and mortality were greatest in patients with BMI below 20 (kg/m2) (Teo and Wynne, 2001). During nutrition screening survey in the UK various settings it was found that malnutrition doubles risk of mortality in the hospital patients and triples morality in elderly patients in hospitals following discharged (RCN and NPSA, 2009). Care Homes nutrition survey shown that 30 per cent of service users recently admitted to care homes were at risk of malnutrition (RCN and NPSA, 2009). According to Hickson (2006), malnutrition may be secondary to certain health conditions which is increasing risks for patients to become malnourished and those risk factors will be discuss later in this assessment (Hickson, 2006 and Teo and Wynne, 2001). However, European Nutrition for Health Alliance (2005) argued that malnutrition should be classified as independent disease (European Nutrition for Health Alliance, 2005), its due to undernutrition has a negative effect on all organs systems such as muscle-skeleton, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrine systems and in addition, malnutrition has a psychosocial effect (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). It was found that undernutrition could cause following health conditions: in the healthy individuals and has advance exacerbation effects upon existent illnesses or injuries, reduced psychological wellbeing (increase anxiety, depression apathy, and loss of concentration and self-neglect) (Webb and Copeman, 1996 and Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). According to Morley and Kraenzle (1995), balanced diet in general, is improving cognitive and memory performance in elderly (see Vetta et al, 1999). Chandra (1993) found that undernutrition is depressing organism immune function (see Webb and Copeman, 1996). It could be due to impaired cell-mediated immunity and cytokine, complement and phagocyte function this most commonly could lead to developing bacterial and parasitic infections and poor wounds healing (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). Malnourished patients have reduced muscle function, loss of cardiac muscle and reduce cardiac output, which results in impact on the renal function (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). The same individuals have reduced respiratory response to oxygen deficit by poor diaphragmatic and respiratory muscle function (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010), increased risk of hypothermia, increase risk of falls and injuries (Webb and Copeman, 1996). In addition, redaction of fat and muscles mass are more obvious signs of malnutrition (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). According to Clayton (1991), malnourished elderly clients have a poor prognosis for recovery from following fractured femur, hypothermia, pressure ulceration and other conditions (Clayton, 1991). Fracture risk is high then calcium, magnesium and vitamin D intake is insufficient, during the weight loss bone mass is reducing as well (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). Early stage of malnutrition leads to loss of digestive enzymes that result in intolerance of lactose. The colon loses its ability to absorb liquid, electrolytes, and secretions of small and large bowels, which results in diarrhoea (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). According to Saunders, Smith and Stroud (2010), endocrine system is affected in malnourished patience. For example, chronic malnutrition will change the pancreatic exocrine function by reducing the insulin secretion (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). An author is currently working a nursing and residential care home for elderly patients as well as nursing and social recruitment agency, which is covering biggest part of the North West of England. Being allocated in hospitals and nursing homes the author noticed that patiences nutrition needs are being met well but where are still some areas for improvement. During the study carried out in the large the UK hospitals, it was found that 40 per cent patients admitted to hospitals were malnourished and two-thirds subsequently lost weight during their hospital stay (Teo and Wynne, 2001). During the service users meeting in the care home author working in, carried out in January this year, all 14 service users have stated that they are satisfied with food they are getting. However, two patients are still at risk of malnutrition. They have been referred to the GP for dietician support. The author strongly believes that nursing home is providing adequate food to the service users. Catering manager in the UK hospitals compare to chefs in nursing home have a small budge of  £11 to  £15 per patients a week (Teo and Wynne, 2001). The authors care home spends around  £30 per service user a week. However, in March 2007, Royal College of Nursing (RCN) carried out survey questioning nearly 2200 of their member relating nutrition issues. Survey has revealed that 42 per cent said the food provided for patients were below overage expectancy (RCN, 2011). In various reasons government and health profession organisations are now advising for routing screening of all patients admitted to any healthcare facilities (RCN and NPSA, 2009). In authors opinion, the main priority for addressing this issue is promoting patiences health and wellbeing and cutting financial cost. For example, annual financial cost of treatment malnutrition patience and any associated illnesses in the UK was estimated around 7.3 billion pounds. This figure includes treatment malnourished patience in the hospital setting, round 3.8 billion pounds and long-term care facility such as care home, round 2.6 billion (Elia M., et al., 2005). Causes of Malnutrition The author is currently looking after two service users who are scoring on the MUST. All two patients are elderly from 65 to 80 years old, with different background and health conditions. Patient No 1 is 87 years old female, was diagnosed with Alzheimers Disease, history of Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), high blood pressure, right wrist fracture and Dysphasia. Current BMI is 19, which was stable after referral to dietician and commencing on oral supplements, than BMI was 17 back in the October 2010. Patient No 2 is 72 years old man, diagnosed with alcohol excess, CA oesophagus, Gout, Heart Failure. Current BMI is 23, which was stably increasing over past months following admission to nursing home, than his BMI was 17. Both patients have a poor appetite at present. Nursing homes staff cannot establish reasons for anorexia and BMI reduction in one patient. There are number of risk factors, which could cause malnutrition among elderly population. However, the most important factor leading to undernutrition is reducing of oral intake (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). Inadequate dietary intake is depending on various factors (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010), which could be divided into three main categories: medical, social and psychological (Hickson, 2006). Firstly, age related changes such as changing in appetite or sensory (Teo and Wynne, 2001). Working in the care homes author noticed, an appetite is reducing with advanced age. Some people refused or preferred to omit meals, for example, one patient does not take breakfast, then the author asked her why she is not taken breakfast that patient replied that she is not a breakfast person. In addition, during the study carried out in USA it was discovered that elderly population are consumed less energy intake and follow more traditional eating pattern then younger population (Teo and Wynne, 2001). Poor appetite or anorexia is a most common factor leading to malnutrition in both young and old generation (Hickson, 2006). However, during the study commenced by Roberts et al (1994), it was found that ageing seemed to affect the ability to control food intake and weight lost will take longer to re-gains in elderly men compare to young (see Hickson, 2006). In addition, according to work of De Castro (1993), older people are less responsive to stomach contents than younger people, in term of hunger (see Hickson, 2006). Anorexia may occur as process of aging as well as during underlying illnesses (Teo and Wynne, 2001 and Hickson, 2006). Hetherington (1998) argued that changing in taste and smell could lead to loss of appetite through a perceived decline in the pleasantness of food. Loss of taste and smell could be associated with advance age and medications therapy mechanism of these changes are remains unknown (see Hickson, 2006). In authors care environment patients prefer to eat strong flavour and taste meals such as a roast meat with gravy, bacon, fish which are being served with traditional sauces or salt and vinegar to encourage patients to their food. According to Hickson (2006), a few works have been done to find out that improving the flavour of the food can improve diet intake and follow weight increase in hospitals and community healthcare patients (Hickson, 2006). A few patients do not like vegetables, intake of which have being recommended by NHS 5 a day complain based on the WHO (NHS, 2009). Patient No 1 and Patient No 2 do not have own teeth which is reducing ability to chew tender food. For both patients oral problems have not been reported. However, according to Finch et al (1998), National Diet and Nutrition survey, energy consumption was lower in edentate individuals compare to individuals with own teeth (see Hickson, 2006). Dysphasia or swallowing problem is leading concern in reducing dietary intake (Hickson 2006). The author has experienced that often care and catering staff do not understand the different between soft and liquidised diet and which diet should be given to each patients with dysphasia. Moreover, care staff that is responsible for feeding patients, needed assistant, every often do not understand the sings for swallowing problem. This concern has been addressed in the care home that the author is working in by appointed care staff for appropriate training section provided by Liverpool Primary Care Trust (PCT). According to research carried out by Mowe et al (1994), swallowing problem is showing up in 64 per cent of in-patience elderly (see Hickson, 2006). In addition, Gariballa et al (1998) argued that post Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) patients with Dysphasia had a worse nutrition status then those patients without swallowing problems (see Hickson, 2006). The author strongly believes that malnutrition caused by various factors combined together such as old age and health or mental health problem (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). In the UK, it was estimated that around 8 per cent of patients with chronic diseases living in the community are malnourished (Teo and Wynne, 2001). According to Hickson (2006), diseases-related malnutrition is usually associated with cancer, physical disabilities, endocrinology disorder and respiratory disease, gastrointestinal disorders, neurological disorders, sources of infection and other psychological factors such as depression and Dementia (Hickson, 2006 and Teo and Wynne, 2001). Medical factors increase the risk of patient to become malnourish through, for example, nausea or vomiting, diarrhoea or constipation, anorexia and malabsorption (Hickson, 2006). Cultural factors or social (Vetta et. al. 1999) and food habits are also playing an important role in developing malnutrition as independent illness (Hickson, 2006). As example, an individual who had a long-term hospital stay or had no nutrition support while in the community would not used to have full nutritional meals. Moreover, individual who has been admitted to the authors care home used to take fast food or sandwiches at all the time while at home, instead of cooked meals. According to Hickson (2006), there are lifestyles and social risk factors for malnutrition in elderly people are lack of knowledge about food, nutrition and cooking, isolation and loneliness, poverty, inability to shop or prepare food (Hickson, 2006). Dementia has a great effect on individuals relationship with food (Alzheimers Society, 2011). Dementia patients or patients with low mental status appeared to lost weight due to reducing self-feeding ability, acute sense of smell and taste that is depending on severalty and progression of disease (Teo and Wynne, 2001). Berkhout et al (1998) has confirmed that weight lost in demented patients is caused by patients ability to feed them rather than by dementia as illness (Hickson, 2006). According to Incalzi et al (1998), study carried out for in-hospitals patients found out that cognition is causing impairment to ability or desire to eat (see Hickson, 2006). Progressive dementia is usually associated with uncontrolled weight lost and changing eating habits (Claggett, 1989 see Hickson, 2006). Nutrition screening and risk assessment In 2007, RCN commenced Nutrition Now campaign, which has a wide response from members of public as well as members of multidisciplinary teams. The RCN Principles for Nutrition and Hydration were published in 2007. That principals aim to help of all health professionals grades to improve nutrition and hydration of patience. This paper is highlighting three principles of nursing care: accountability, responsibility and management to improve the patience nutrition and hydration (RCN 2011). Nutrition screening pathway, nutrition risk assessment are widely used which assist nursing staff to indentify the risk of malnutrition or/dehydration and appropriate actions to be taken. Risk of malnutrition screening should be a routine process in all healthcare settings (RCN and NPSA, 2009). In the authors care home as required all service users are being screened for malnutrition on the admission and once a month or more often if required, using Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) as recommended by government bodies and Care Quality Commission (CQC) as registration body. Part of the admission documentation is to collect and record patiences food likes and dislikes. According to Saunders, Smith and Stroud (2010), MUST is reliable and valid screening tool in diagnostic or prediction of malnutrition (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). However, nutrition assessment was only done for patients who have been referral to their GPs following scoring, weight loss of 1 to 2 per cen t per week, 5 per cent per month or 10 per cent over period of six months (Mitchell, 2003). According to RCN and NPSA (2009), purpose of nutritional assessment is details identification of nutritional status and for special dietary plan to be formulated and implicated (RCN and NPSA, 2009). In the authors care home, dietician or dieticians assistant based on the information provided by staff nurse on duty normally carries out the nutritional assessment. As far as author concerns, nutrition assessment should be done by care home nurses as they are working in close contact with patients and their families on the daily basis, know better persons food likes and dislikes. However, special nutrition trainings are not always available to the nursing home staff. This could lead to complicated nutrition issues not to be addressed as quickly as they should be due to community dieticians waiting time is usually 6 weeks. In the authors nursing home all necessary equipments are available such as weight scales and height measures. However, weight scales calibration has not been done which could lead to poor nutrition screening assessment (NPSA). After completing the MUST, the author and colleagues will formulate the personalised care plan for each patient in order to meet nutritional requirements. Nutrition care plan could be based on the information or guidance provided by dietician or other health professions. Treatment According to Hark and Morrison (2003), the nutrition needs of healthy older adults are mainly the same as for middle age adults (Hark and Morrison, 2003). The intake of food containing Calcium, Vitamin D, Folate, Vitamin B12 and B6 should be increased for the elderly population (Hark and Morrison, 2003). Protein intake recommendation is variable from 0.8 g/kg per day in the USA (Mitchell, 2003) to 0.75 g/kg in the UK (McKevith, 2009). However, according to Mitchell (2003), one established nutrition needs recommendation cannot be used for all ages population (Mitchell, 2003). In addition, patients lifestyle, height and weight should be taken in account (Mitchell, 2003). There are number of fundamental support of nutrition available at present such as enteral and parenteral nutrition support (Hark and Morrison, 2003). At this assessment only oral nutrition support (ONS) will be discussed. The aim of the nutrition support is to ensure an individual gets enough energy, proteins, macronutrients and micronutrients to meet patients nutrition requirements (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). Saunders, Smith and Stroud (2010) argued that provision of regular meals with better nutrition content, wide menu choice and assistant with feeding should be enough to meet nutrition requirement and reduce nutrition risk (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). Numerous studies show that nutrition support could reverse weight loss, only if underlying health conditions under control (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). However, not all patients react at the same way (Hickson, 2006). At what reasons care and treatment should take an account of individual needs and preferences (RCN and NPSA, 2009). In practice, knowledge of food preferences and past medical history, following personalised nutrition care plan, serving patients with small meals (Teo and Wynne, 2001) or using a small plate could encourage service user to finish all meal. Currently some of the UKs hospitals commenced to use red tray scheme for serving the meals to patients. A purpose of using red trays is to alert hospital staff that patience with red tray is at nutrition risk and need assistance or supervision with diet intake (Bradley and Rees, 2003 see Davis, 2007). Protection of mealtime scheme is also widely spread across the UK. The purpose of this scheme is to create an environment for hospital patients free from hospital activities and unnecessary disturbance during a mealtime. In addition, this scheme is to assist nursing staff with concentration on the meeting nutrition need of hospital patients (NS, 2007). People with Dementia could loss an ability to use cutlery that could lead to weight loss and malnutrition. Providing those patients with available finger food could improve nutrition status (Alzheimers society, 2011). Teo and Wynne (2001) argued that the possible benefits from using energy supplements in elderly patients have received little or no evaluation in clinical practice (Teo and Wynne, 2001). However, during the study carried out by Volkert et al (1996), it was found that patients consuming food supplement while in-patience and 6 months in community have develop positive nutritional status compare to group of patients without food supplements (see Teo and Wynne, 2001). The author has come across the situation then GP has refused to prescribe food supplement to one of the patience and recommended full fat milk instead. In addition, during controlled trial for six months in patients who have been discharged from hospital and prescribed ONS has no economic benefit. To compare, using ONS in community is costing more than using ONS in hospitals (Elia et al., 2005). However, malnourished patients using could be at risk of re-feeding syndrome, which could results in death (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). Re-feeding syndrome is associated with water retention leading to fluid overload due to decay of potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and sodium in blood plasma (Mallet, 2002). Saunders, Smith and Stroud (2010) recommended that during re-feeding saviour malnourished patients potassium, phosphate and magnesium should be prescribed and thiamine (for patients with history of alcohol excess) (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). Conclusion The UK elderly population is rising, currently about 16 per cent of the population is above 65 (Hickson, 2006) and by 2050 over 30 per cent European population will be over 60 which will result in prevalence of malnutrition to rise (European Nutrition for Health Alliance, 2005). Many changing associated with aging have been documented, however, how senescence leads to the health conditions, related to aging, is still unknown (Mitchell, 2003). It was found that ageing is leading to slow reduction of weight and modification in body composition. It is due to declines in bone, muscle mass and body cell mass. Bone mass reduced due to inadequate intake of Calcium and inadequate exposure skin to the sunlight to encourage production of Vitamin D (Sahyoun, 2002). In general, people are gaining weight until they 60th birthday and after gradually reducing weight, usually 10 per cent between 70 and 80 (Mitchell, 2003). Weight loss related to aging and malnutrition should be indentified during initial nutrition assessment. In addition, community healthcare is facing many concerns. Firstly, malnutrition remains under-recognized problem facing patients, their families and health professions (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). Secondly, according to, Hark and Morrison (2003) argued that there are no single physical or biochemical screening tools could accurate predict the nutrition status in elderly (Hark and Morrison, 2003). Food prices are constantly rising and ONS are costing too much to the local PCT. In the authors opinion, providing service users with good quality food, offer choice of menu and snacks between meals are solution to fight malnutrition. The significant role in education medical students and junior doctors in nutrition has widely recommended (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). However, inadequate knowledge in nutrition of nursing and care staff could increase risk of malnutrition (Saunders, Smith and Stroud, 2010). In the authors care home nutrition in elderly is not mandatory training for the care staff. Following this assessment, the author will provide relevant care staff with information on the nutrition in elderly service users. This could be achieved through supervision sections and face-to-face talks. Moreover, there it is possible, elderly population and their families should be informed about the latest nutrition recommendations related to their age, lifestyle and health conditions and should encouraged to apply those recommendations to individuals lives (Sahyoun, 2002).

Events Provision in Birmingham

This assignment will identify the range of events being promoted in the city of Birmingham, it will also classify whether the events are organised by the public, private or voluntary sector. There will also be an overview of the visitor's perception of the city and event and finally it will analyse the local resident's attitudes towards the event. The six events which will be analysed are the MPH Show '06, which is a motor event hosted by Jeremy Clarkson. Mitchell and Webb Live, which is a comedy sketch show. The BBL Cup Final. The Survivor Series Tour, which is a sports entertainment event. Mela 2006 and the final event is Little Britain Live. Theorists such as Allen 2002 state that an event is defined as a significant gathering or activity that takes place often in a social setting. (J. Allen 2002) The first event, which will be analysed, is the MPH Show '06. The event was in operation between 26-29 October 2006 at the NEC Birmingham. The MPH Show's web page describes the event, as â€Å"a 75 minute theatre show in an explosive combination of car chases, outrageous stunts, incredible driving and world debuts. A personal look at the finest selection of the most stylish, rare and expensive cars in our galleried exhibitions – its motoring heaven!† (www.mphshow.co.uk) This event can be categorised under the mega events typology group. The reason for this is that the event has the potential to attract over one million visitors. A further reason that this event can attract a vast amount of large visitors is that well-known motoring expert Jeremy Clarkson is hosting it. Due to the motor show being taken away from Birmingham, The MPH Show can be its ideal replacement and generate a high level of economic and tourism impact into Birmingham. Theorist such as Getz 1997 states, â€Å"Mega events, by way of their size or significance are those that yield extraordinarily high levels of tourism, media coverage or economic impact for the host community and destinations.† (Getz 1997) There could be arguments suggesting that it can be put under the special events typology. The reason for that being that the event is a one off event and is an event, which comes under persons social activities such as football and music. The second event that will be analysed is Mitchell & Webb Live, which will take place at the Birmingham Hippodrome on 5th November. The event brings comedian duo David Mitchell and Robert Webb to the Hippodrome as part of their live tour. This event can be categorised under the special events typology group. Getz states, â€Å"A special event is a one time or infrequently occurring event outside the normal programme or activities of the sponsoring or organising body.† (Getz 1997- lecture hand out) The third event that will be analysed is the Survivor Series Tour, which is organised by sports entertainment company WWE. The event will be held on 12th November 2006 at the NEC. This event can be categorised into the special events group. The reason for this is that it is part of a person's social interest and it is place where they can go with family and friends to the event. Getz 1997 states, â€Å"To the customer or guest, a special event is an opportunity for leisure, social or cultural experience outside the normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience.† (Getz 1997) The fourth event, which will be analysed, is Little Britain Live, which will be held in The NIA. According to the NEC group website, â€Å"David Walliams and Matt Lucas have extended their phenomenal Little Britain Birmingham tour dates with a 14th night at The NIA on Saturday 9 December.† (www.necgroup.co.uk) This event can be categorised in to the special events typology category, due to this event being a social interest event. The fifth event, which will evaluated is the BBL Cup Final that will be held in The NIA. The BBL Cup Final is the basketball tournament finals that will come to a climax in Birmingham. Also in the event are the women's basketball tournament finals. This type of event can be categorised under the hallmark typology. The reason for this is that it is a one off event. Theorist such as Ritchie 1984 defines a hallmark event as â€Å"A major one-time or recurring event of limited duration, developed primarily to enhance the awareness appeal and profitability of a tourist destination in the short or long term.† (Ritchie 1984) The final event is The Asian Mela 2006, which is to be held between 17-19 November 2006 at the NEC. The Asian Mela is an event targeted at the Asian community by holding an event that has Asian fashion, entertainment and many more experiences. This type of event can categorised in to the special events typology group. A special event recognises a unique moment in time with ceremony and ritual to satisfy specific needs. The reason for this being is that it relates to the cultural aspects of the Asian community and also can be an event that brings together people from different backgrounds to celebrate Asian lifestyles and how it has made an impact in today's British society. The second part of this assignment will identify whether the events have been organised by private, public or voluntary sectors. The Mph Show was organised by the fuel company shell. Shell is considered a global group that produces oil, fuel and other types of energy sources. The company is considered part of the private sector. Theorist such as Fardon state, â€Å"The private sector compromises of businesses which are directly or indirectly in private ownership.† (Fardon 2000) The Mitchell & Webb Live event is being presented at the Birmingham Hippodrome. The Hippodrome is a theatre, which is a charity run theatre. The charity ‘The Friends of The Hippodrome' is an organisation, which counts on donations from corporations such as Lloyds TSB and even donations from the public. The Survivor Series event, which is an event run by the sports entertainment company WWE. The company is a private limited company that runs live events mainly in the United States, but also tours the rest of the world. The Little Britain Live event, which is being shown at the NIA. The event is by the NIA group, which is linked with the city council. This sector can be put in the public sector, as it is part of the district council. The BBL Cup Final is an annual event, which is to be held at the NIA, is being organised by the British Basketball League Association. This is part of the public sector. Websites such as www.whatsis.techtarget.com have given a definition to the public sector, which states, â€Å"The public sector overlaps with the private sector in producing or providing certain goods and services. The extent of this overlap varies from country to country, state to state, province to province, and city to city.† By evaluating this statement and relating it to events, the public sector needs sum form of assistance from the private sector such as funds and sponsorship. It can be an advantage for both private and public sectors, as the private sector organisation is getting good recognition by giving a helping hand to the public sector organisation. The Asian Mela event is presented by the Asian television station Zee and events firm Clarion Events. Both companies are part of the private sector. This part of the assignment will explain the impact that the actual events provision of the city has on visitor perceptions. When discussing event impacts there are various elements that need to be considered. These elements are as follows, social/cultural, economics, political and developmental. The social/cultural implications are to bring increased community spirit and bring people from different cultures to unify and enjoy the events. In today's world, there are many negative issues surrounding different cultures. It is vital that there are events that can bring people from different backgrounds and faiths so that they can enjoy them without any fear or scepticism. The economic side of the impact is that it can help with the cities revenue, resulting in the city bringing more events and even construct new buildings to present the events. As Birmingham is one of the United Kingdoms visited places with hot spots such as The Bull Ring and The Mail Box for shopping and leisure and recreational areas like Star City and AMC. Which ever type of event is happening in Birmingham there is high possibility of tourists staying over the local hotels and bed and breakfasts, which also is a plus for the local businesses as well as the city. The political element is that increases the cities national reputation and improves its profile. The developmental and environmental elements of having events in Birmingham are that it can have effects such as urban regeneration. This can have a positive outcome on the less funded areas of the city. With the money generated from these events, by giving the lesser funded area's resources to rejuvenate the area by constructing community centres for young people who have broken backgrounds to learn new skills and make more of their lives. When considering these types of impacts for the events chosen for this assignment. The MPH Show will bring in many visitors who have an interest for exotic and concept cars, these are also known as ‘petrol heads'. The main target market for this event will be 18-30 mainly male. The economic side of the event will be a benefit as it is running for three days, this is a bonus for hotels as there will be visitors from outside of Birmingham who may want to go to the show, whilst site seeing and going to local businesses. The political element will be affected, as Birmingham was once home to the motor show. By having this type of event with a well-known host such as Jeremy Clarkson may not replace the revenue and the publicity that the city used to get from the motor show, but it will be a stepping-stone to bringing in similar types of events to the city. The BBL Cup Final will target mainly basketball fans from different ages. Although basketball is not one of England's favourite sports, a minority can be targeted effectively. The economic element will bring in the minority of basketball fans through as much advertising there can be. This can also be a positive for accommodation businesses. Whether or not the NIA is going to remain being the host of the tournaments finals, it will be a positive for the city council, which can attract other indoor sports events. The Survivor Series event will be targeting mainly young males aged 16 and over. However, there has been an increase in female attendances to the sports entertainment events. Although the company is originated in the United States, the business does have strong relations within the UK. This can bring in tourists from outer Birmingham and even out of England. This resulting in massive revenue for hotels and other local businesses. The Mitchell and Webb Live and Little Britain Live events will both have similar type of element results. The target for these events are going to be varied as the events are based on shows from television, this is a positive because it can attract young and older generations. Economically it will be good for the city as these events are apart of a long tour, generating revenue for local businesses. This will raise the profile of the city by having well known comedy gigs and even make aware of other comedy performances to add the city to their tours in the near future. The Asian Mela event will target mainly the Asian community and even target other cultures, as it is known that different cultures are adapting Asian fashion in to their lifestyles. This will be a good event for local businesses, as the event will attract tourists from other regions. Regarding the political element, this is an event that will be popular as the more it goes grows with the community, there will be more ideas for events for other cultures. By attracting the non Asian community to the event, it can bring a unity to the general public and let the people know that there is room for understanding to the cultures and not the dark cloud that hangs around the Asian community as misinterpreted in today's media. The final part of this assignment will consider local residents attitudes to the events within their city. When events such as the MPH Show come into Birmingham, resident's attitudes are going to be stereotypical. They may assume that the event may attract a group of hooligans and maybe concerned that there will be a riot of some sort. The residents will more likely welcome the sporting events the BBL Cup Final and the Survivor Series Tour, as they are events the whole family can go and watch. The basketball final's tournament is something in which the local residents can be proud that their city is part of. This can result in pride in association with the city. It can also be a positive for locals because it is bringing in tourists and even be welcomed by shops and other business. The comedy events Little Britain Live and Mitchell & Webb Live will be welcomed, as both events are family friendly and are based on television shows that are well known. Birmingham is known for being a cultured city, with evidence being backed up by Birmingham City Councils webpage which provides statistics in the form of charts. One way of showing this is by holding an event targeted for its Asian community, The Asian Mela. As Birmingham has a high percentage of Asians as one of its many ethnic groups, the Asian community will welcome the event. By holding this event, it can even attract other people from different ethnic groups and be welcomed by everyone. A family event for al to enjoy the community will be proud to have it in their city. In conclusion a city such as Birmingham will welcome it. The main factor is that it can hold majority of events within its venues such as the NEC, the NIA and the Symphony Hall. Bringing in more events will increase tourism and revenue for the city. This is a plus as the money generated from the events can go on to bring in more opportunities for people with different interests and backgrounds. Making the city a hotspot for events.

Ten Alpina Tools

Giulia seems to be excited about the opportunity to own her own business doing something that she loves. There is a high level of uncertainty here in whether or not Giulia would make a profitable business. It seems that there is room for improvement in the current operations since all 6 workers were cross trained and they were currently only busy for about one weeks worth of labor time per month. Giulia does have an MBA and may be able to recognize ways to use the resources more efficiently and keep production costs down. Giulia will need to practice her strategic thinking to determine how to balance the resources on hand to make this situation work. If she can offer the units for $11.70 or higher, she may be able to maintain the business but she will need to drive down the production costs to sustain profits. If any equipment needs repairs or the building needs renovations, those costs are not going to be covered under her current pricing plan. Also, if production increases, variabl e costs may also increase so it will be important for Giulia to pay close attention to this.After reading the case we identified the following risks;1) Graduate School/ MBA: The case takes place as Giulia is returning from summer break after her first year. Given the intense work load of an MBA program and the workload requirements of a startup/expansion, we have to question if she can do both effectively. Quantitative Analysis: LOW†¦. This is more of a time and lifestyle concern.2) Loss of the single customer contract: Anytime a business is relying on a single customer it’s a risk. Giulia is using the cash flow from this customer to support the new venture. There is not a strong history here for her to count on and lack of data increases risk. In addition she also is highly at risk should her customer go out of business or find another supplier; she would be hard pressed to meet her monthly burn rate.In fact there is no evidence in the case that her business could survi ve without that contract. Quantitative Analysis: HIGH†¦.. The key issue here is that the business is running on very thin margins and the cash flow from this customer is critical for Giulia to cover her fixed and variable costs. There is no evidence that she has cash reserves or any access to investors.3) Employee/Operations issues: Giulia has no experience in this industry and we have no evidence that she has ever managed people or managed a manufacturing process. Due to her thin margins any interruption in production would be devastating. Quality is a huge concern here and although her team is â€Å"cross trained† on all the equipment it’s reasonable to assume that there will be employee turnover.She will need to replace them and we don’t know what they training cycle is and how it will impact  production and quality. Qualitative Analysis: HIGH†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Production ties directly to the ability to fulfill the contract. This contract is key to her cas h flow and the margins are small. Giulia needs to determine the new employee training cycle and factor that into production and cash flow projections.4) Increased Costs: If Giulia experiences an increase in production or fixed costs she is in a very risky situation. Her margins are thin and we have no evidence of cash reserves. Qualitative Analysis: HIGH†¦.. Any increase to costs cuts into margins. Giulia is not in a position to handle such increases.5) Re negotiation or delays on the single contract: The single customer could ask for a lower price point, lower volume or attempt to renegotiate payment terms. Qualitative Analysis: HIGH†¦.. As we have seen a key concern in this case are the margins. Any decrease in price or payment schedule will have a direct impact on Giulias ability to cover her costs

Trumpet Fish Facts

Trumpet Fish Facts Trumpet fish are part of class Actinopterygii, which consists of ray-finned fish, and can be found in coral reefs throughout the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. There are three species of trumpet fish under the scientific name Aulostomus: the West Atlantic trumpetfish (A. maculatus), the Atlantic trumpetfish (A. strigosus), and the Chinese trumpetfish (A. chinensis). Their name is derived from the Greek words flute (aulos) and mouth (stoma) for their long mouths. Fast Facts Scientific Name: AulostomusCommon Names: Trumpetfish, Caribbean trumpetfish, stickfishOrder: SyngnathiformesBasic Animal Group: FishDistinguishing Characteristics: Long, slender bodies with a small mouth, varied colors.Size: 24-39 inchesWeight: UnknownLife Span: UnknownDiet: Small fish and crustaceansHabitat: Coral reefs and rocky reefs throughout the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans.Population: UnknownConservation Status: Least ConcernFun Fact: Male trumpet fish carry fertilized eggs with them until they hatch. Description Trumpet fish have elongated bodies and snouts leading into a small jaw. The lower jaw has small teeth, and their chin has a short barbel for defense. They also have a row of spines on their backs that can be raised to ward off predators, and their body is covered with small scales. Trumpet fish can grow anywhere from 24 to 39 inches depending on the species, with A. chinesis reaching up to 36 inches, A. maculatus averaging 24 inches, and A. strigosus reaching up to 30 inches. Their coloration helps them blend in with their environment, and they can even change their colors for stealth and during their mating ritual. Habitat and Distribution Trumpetfish in Chichiriviche de la Costa,Venezuela,Caribbean Sea. Humberto Ramirez/Moment/Getty Images A. maculatus are found in the Caribbean sea and off the northern coasts of South America, A. chinensis are found throughout the Pacific and Indian oceans, and A. strigosus are found in the Atlantic ocean off the coast of Africa and parts of South America. They live in coral reefs and reef flats in the tropical and subtropical waters in these areas. Diet and Behavior A trumpet fish’s diet consists of small fish and crustaceans, as well as occasionally larger fish. For larger prey, trumpet fish swim near large herbivorous fish to hide and ambush their prey. To catch smaller food, they float in a vertical, head-down position among corals to conceal themselves- a technique that also hides them from predators- and wait for their prey to come across their path. They capture them by suddenly expanding their mouth, which generates a suction strong enough to draw in their prey. Additionally, they can also consume fish larger than the diameter of their mouths due to the elasticity of their tissue. Reproduction and Offspring Not much is known about trumpet fish reproduction, but trumpet fish begin courtship via a dancing ritual. Males use their color changing abilities and dance to win over females. This ritual occurs close to the surface. After the ritual, females transfer their eggs to the males to fertilize and care for until they hatch. Like seahorses, the males care for the eggs, carrying them in a special pouch. Species Trumpetfish. Daniela Dirscherl/WaterFrame/Getty Images Plus There are three species of Aulostomus: A. maculatus, A. chinensis, and A. strigosus. The coloration of these fish changes depending on the species. A. maculatus are most commonly reddish-brown but also can be grey-blue and yellow-green with black spots. A. chinensis can be yellow, reddish-brown, or brown with pale bands. The most common colors for A. strigosus are brown or blue, green or orange tones, or intermediate shades. They also have a pattern of pale, vertical/horizontal lines across their body. A. chinensis are seen in shallow reef flats of at least 370 feet. They can be seen swimming close to coral or rocky sea floors or floating motionless under ledges. A. strigosus are a more coastal species and are found over rocky or coral substrates in inshore waters. A. maculatus range in depth from 7-82 feet and are found close to coral reefs. Conservation Status All three species of Aulostomus are currently designated as least concern according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, the A. maculatus population has been found to be decreasing, while the populations of A. chinensis and A. strigosus are currently unknown. Sources Aulostomus chinensis. IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species, 2019, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/ 65134886/82934000.Aulostomus maculatus. IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species, 2019, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/16421352/16509812.Aulostomus strigosus. IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species, 2019, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/ 21133172/112656647.Bell, Elanor, and Amanda Vincent. Trumpetfish | Fish. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/ animal/trumpetfish.Bester, Cathleen. Aulostomus Maculatus. Florida Museum, 2019, https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/discover-fish/species-profiles/aulostomus-maculatus/. Eastern Atlantic Trumpetfish (Aulostomus Strigosus). Inaturalist, 2019, https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/47241-Aulostomus-strigosus. Trumpetfish. Lamar University, 2019, https://www.lamar.edu/arts-sciences/biology/marine-critters/marine-critters-2/trumpetfish.html. Trumpetfish. WaikÄ «kÄ « Aquarium, 2019, https://www.waikikiaquarium.org/experience/anim al-guide/fishes/trumpetfishes/trumpetfish/.

Examples and Definition of Discourse Domain in Speech

Examples and Definition of Discourse Domain in Speech In sociolinguistics, the term discourse domain refers to features or conventions of language use determined by the context in which communication takes place. A discourse domain typically includes a variety of registers. Also known as  cognitive discourse domain, discourse world, and knowledge map. A discourse domain can be understood as a  social construct as well as a cognitive construct. A discourse domain is made up of individuals who exhibit their own distinctive knowledge structures, cognitive styles, and biases. However, within the boundaries of a domain, there is continual interaction between domain structures and individual knowledge, an interaction between the individual and the social level (Hjà ¸rland and Albrechtsen, Toward a New Horizon in Information Science, 1995). See Examples and Observations below. Also, see: Cognitive LinguisticsConversation AnalysisDiscourseLinguistic VariationPragmaticsSpeech Community Examples and Observations Along the lines of what Wittgenstein called (2009) language games and Levinson (1979) labelled activity types,  discourse domains are  frameworks for conduct that organize participants verbal and non-verbal comportment around  recognized modes of activity grounded in shared norms, purposes and goals. Relevant activities include playing tennis, having an academic debate, or going on a walk with a dog- in short, activities that involve interacting with one or more human or non-human others in a particular setting and for specific kinds of reasons. -(Daniel Herman, Building More-Than-Human Worlds.  World Building: Discourse in the Mind, ed. by Joanna Gavins and Ernestine Lahey. Bloomsbury, 2016) These are some domain contextual examples (Based on Hymes, 1974; Gumperz, 1976; Douglas Selinker, 1985a): physical: setting, participants;phonological: voice tone, pitch, tempo, rhythm, volume;semantic: code, topic;rhetorical: register, style, genre;pragmatic: purpose, interactional salience;paralinguistic: posture, gesture, gaze, facial expression. The above list is not intended to be exhaustive and there are no doubt other types of contextualization cues, but it does give the reader a sense of the types of information available to language learners/users in communication situations. -Dan Douglas, Discourse Domains: The Cognitive Context of Speaking. Studying Speaking to Inform Second Language Learning, ed. by Diana Boxer and Andrew D. Cohen. Multilingual Matters, 2004 Contexts and Discourse Domains [A] discourse domain is a cognitive construct created in response to a number of factors, including semantic category, but also to other features of situational and linguistic context. For example, when we enter a room where a conversation is going on, we of course pay attention to the topic of the talk, but we also take note of a number of other features of the situation, including the physical setting, who the participants are, what the purpose of their conversation appears to be, whether the conversation seems to be businesslike, friendly, or angry, what features of language the participants are using, and what relationship they appear to have with each other. Depending upon our analysis of the situation in terms such as these, we might feel that this is a situation we are familiar with and would feel comfortable joining; in other words, as Douglas and Selinker would say, we possess a discourse domain for dealing with this communication situation... [D]iscourse domains are developed or engaged in response to signals in the situational and linguistic environment which interlocutors attend to in interpreting (indeed, creating) context. -Dan Douglas, Discourse Domains: The Cognitive Context of Speaking. Studying Speaking to Inform Second Language Learning, ed. by Diana Boxer and Andrew D. Cohen. Multilingual Matters, 2004 The Discourse Domain of Higher Education All persons involved in formal education at some point find themselves participating in various sorts of encounters, including less formal interactions in small groups- in laboratories, study groups, or colloquia. It is important to know how to display oneself as intellectually competent, and this is done more often than not through face-to-face interactions...How to utilize powerful speech behaviors without presenting oneself as arrogant involves a careful dance of negotiation. Joking, teasing, challenging, asking questions and commenting, getting and holding the floor- these are all important phenomena of face-to-face discourse in higher education... The discourse domain of education is one that everyone experiences. As an increasing number of citizens seek a higher education, it becomes ever more critical to understand how to negotiate relationships in this domain of interaction. The stakes are high. -Diana Boxer, Applying Sociolinguistics: Domains and Face-to-Face Interaction. John Benjamins, 2002 Story-Telling as a Discourse Domain There are clear reports that have shown that storytelling as a particular discourse domain is an activity that follows a well-delineated line of development within the mainstream culture. From very early on mother and child engage in an interaction format that resembles a book reading activity in the sense that both participants engage in a labeling game of more or less decontextualized units (cf. Ninio Bruner 1978; Ninio 1980). The capacity to label is not only a necessary prerequisite for the joint storytelling activity, it is also an activity that is propagated and embellished with short picture book-like stories that develop into more complicated narrations in the course of the pre-school years. -Michael G. W. Bamberg, The Acquisition of Narratives: Learning to Use Language. Mouton de Gruyter, 1987

Traveling Abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Traveling Abroad - Essay Example Venezuela, Russia, South Korea and China, have also been enlisted to be ranked in the category of projecting unfriendliness towards foreign visitors (Cha, 2013). Nevertheless, as these places present some unique tourism cultures and attractions, tourists can take certain preventive measures when visiting these places. It is worth mentioning in this context that the top priority of every tourist or traveller should be to look forward to his/her own safety first and then, worry about their travelling experiences. An individual should also take into consideration certain essential facts before going for an international trip. Above all, the most important fact is that every foreign visitor, no matter to whichever nation they visit, should go through the past records of every foreign visitor related crime that occurred within that nation and take requisite measures thereto (U. S. Passport & International Travel, 2014). They should also have some formulated backup planning about how to save themselves in case they get into any sort of trouble. Apart from this, the travelers should also book travel packages through registered traveling agencies. Adding to that, they should continuously keep in touch with their family members or some local law authorities who might be helpful in case the travelling individuals get into any sort of trouble (U. S. Passport & International Travel, 2014). Moreover, every international airport is quite likely to maintain a certain degree of safety and an authoritative body who can provide necessary information on the risk rates of various areas within their countries. Apart from these safety measures, the tourists should also keep hold of their necessary identification documents. They should avoid high level of exposure and contact with local inhabitants as well. The visitors should further keep

Constitutional and Administrative Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Constitutional and Administrative Law - Essay Example Out of the three mentioned above the parliamentary sovereignty is the elementary principle which guides the action of the constitution. The root of the doctrine is in the political events of the late seventeenth century and the legal hypothesis propounded by Professor Dicey (Loveland, I, 2006, pp. 21-93.). The Parliament is a sovereign law creator and thus has the power to either make or unmake any law. According to Dicey (1885:39-40), â€Å"Parliamentary sovereignty means Parliament has the right to make or unmake any law whatever; and, further, that no person or body is recognized by the law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament†(Turpin, C. & Tomkins, A, 2007, p.40). Thus this doctrine entails that there is no law which is higher than the Act of Parliament. The Human Rights Act 1998 contributed the European Rule on Human Rights into UK domestic law. Section 3 of the Act produces an informational responsibility for the courts. It calls for all Acts of Parliament to be understood in a manner which is well-suited with the Convention rights. The informational powers of the courts can change the meaning of legislation when the circumstances demand for it, even though it may be clear that such an intrepretation is against the intention of the legislature. In cases of discrepancy the courts are handed the opening to make a proclamation of repugnance (section 4 of the Act)( http://www.opsi.gov.uk/ACTS/acts1998/19980042.htm accessed on 13th August 2009..) The Human Rights Act 1998 also disputed the querry of whether it is reliable to the principle of Parliamentary sovereignty. Even if it is feasible for the parliament to revoke or alter the Act, it can certainly be said that parliament can not break out from the force which the public opinion o n Human Rights puts on it. According to Elliot "it will become much rarer for legislation to contradict human

Learning about plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Learning about plagiarism - Essay Example y too soon, not publishing negative results, publishing results too early, skimming over or ignoring drawbacks, and â€Å"buffing† the results by showing them in the best light (Crossen, 1994, p. 167), in his work which is very similar in meaning and words with the original passage. Secondly, the student has also plagiarized another line, â€Å"Biomedical researchers incorporate strict rules of science into their work, which is examined by peers (Crossen, 1994, p. 167)† in his main body paragraph which is similar in wordings, meanings and sentence with the original one. When quoting the similar sentences, it is important to write them within the quotation marks in Italics and also, to enclose them with proper in-text citation as required for avoiding plagiarism. It is important to understand the core message delivered in a sentence in order to reproduce it without plagiarizing the similar words and the sentences. Plagiarism can be recognized by comparing the work with the original one; same sentences, similar words or twisting the sequences of the words can label the work as plagiarized. However, there are number of ways through which a student or a writer can avoid the chances of plagiarism. These simple steps are: Check and compare your work with the original passage. If any similarities are found, try changing your sentence structure. Always use simple sentences instead of complicated ones. This would complicate the message of the writing and the reader will be unable to understand the

Compare and Contrast the Speakers Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast the Speakers Essay The Road Not Taken and Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening are both very good poems. I feel The Road Not Taken is one that reminds me of myself. I will tell you how they differ but at the same time are so much alike. In The Road Not Taken he lets us know that he has to make a decision. In order to make that decision he looks as far as he can to see what road he wants to take. He talks about how the path he took may have been the better on for him. It had been the one less traveled on. In Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening he also has a decision to make. He is walking with his horse in the woods. There are no other people around on this snowy night. He stops in the woods to watch them feel up with the snow. Even his horse thinks this is a strange thing that he is doing. It’s cold and dark, plus he knows he has miles to go before he can get any sleep. Now both speakers have a conflict to handle. One has to decide which path he will take while the other has to decide if he will stop in his path. They both are on a path and they both have to get to the end of their path. In The Road Not Taken he makes is decision by taking the path less traveled. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening know he has miles to go in order to sleep so he can’t stop now. As you can see we all have choices to make and paths to travel. There will be things that come in your way that will get you off track, but you have to make sure you get on the path till the end.

Math Research Paper -- Essays Papers

Math Research Paper Since the 1980’s calculator use in the classroom has been a huge controversy between educators (Golden, 2000). It is becoming increasingly common to use calculators in the classroom on a regular basis. Some states allow students to use calculators on standardized tests and as part of the regular curriculum (Dion, 2001). Because we live in such a technologically changing world, hand held calculators have been far surpassed and can be purchased for as low as $4.00 each. This low price however, has not swayed the many people that believe calculators are not appropriate in the classroom. These critics argue that calculators take away student’s basic knowledge of mathematics, prevent children from truly understanding mathematical concepts, avert their minds from learning logical reasoning, and give students a false sense of confidence about their mathematical ability (Education World, 2002). â€Å"Kids get to use calculators as a substitute for practice, and they never really understand arithmetic,† says Sandy Stotsky, a teacher in Massachusetts, one of the few states that have taken a back-to-basics approach states (Golden, 2000). Critics also believe that calculators work against learning basic mathematics, and do not allow children to appreciate the nature of math. They believe it takes the thinking out of mathematics (Stoll, 1999). Another argument that is brought up is that low-income and minority elementary school students are more likely to use calculators than middle-income which elementary school children. They are also more likely to score lower on standardized tests. â€Å"At Hazelwood Elementary, where nearly half of the students are black and almost all qualify for subsidized school lunches, 7... ... use in elementary classrooms. Teaching Children Mathematics, 1 (5), 300-304. Education World. (2002). Educators battle over calculator use: Both sides claim casualties. Retrieved February, 22, 2003, from http://www.education-world.com/a_curr/curr072.shtml. Golden, D. (2000). Calculators may be the wrong answer as a 'digital divide' widens in schools. Maple River Education Coalition. Retrieved February, 22, 2003, from http://www.mredcopac.org/update62.htm. Reys, B., Arbaugh, F., Joyner, J. (2001). Clearing up the Confusion over Calculator Use In Grades K-5. Teaching Children Mathematics, 8 (2), 90-95. Reys, R., Lindquist, M., Lambdin, D., Smith, N., Suydan, M. (2003). Helping children learn mathematics (6th ed.). United States of America: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Stoll, C. (1999). High tech heretic. New York: Doubleday.